महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-47, verse-42

अनया हि तपस्विन्या तपस्तप्तं सुदुश्चरम् ।
अनश्नन्त्या पचन्त्या च समा द्वादश पारिताः ॥४२॥

42. anayā hi tapasvinyā tapastaptaṁ suduścaram ,
anaśnantyā pacantyā ca samā dvādaśa pāritāḥ.

42. anayā hi tapasvinyā tapaḥ taptaṃ sudurścaram
| anaśnantyā pacantyā ca samāḥ dvādaśa pāritāḥ

42. hi anayā tapasvinyā sudurścaram tapaḥ taptaṃ
anaśnantyā pacantyā ca dvādaśa samāḥ pāritāḥ

42. Indeed, this female ascetic performed an extremely arduous austerity (tapas). By not eating and not cooking (for herself), she completed twelve years.

Words meanings summery:

• अनया (anayā) - Refers to the female ascetic. (by this (feminine))

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• तपस्विन्या (tapasvinyā) - Refers to Arundhatī. (by the female ascetic)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, spiritual merit (tapas)

• तप्तं (taptaṁ) - Performed (austerity). (performed, practiced, heated)

• सुदुर्श्चरम् (sudurścaram) - very difficult to perform, extremely arduous

• अनश्नन्त्या (anaśnantyā) - Refers to the ascetic. (by her not eating, by the one not eating)

• पचन्त्या (pacantyā) - In context with 'not eating', it likely means 'not cooking (for herself)' or 'enduring/fasting'. (by her cooking (for others) / by her enduring hardship / by her fasting)

• च (ca) - and

• समाः (samāḥ) - years

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• पारिताः (pāritāḥ) - completed, passed, brought to an end

Words meanings and morphology

अनया (anayā) - Refers to the female ascetic. (by this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, she

Note: Adjective for 'tapasvinyā'.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphatic particle or causal conjunction.

तपस्विन्या (tapasvinyā) - Refers to Arundhatī. (by the female ascetic)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tapasvinī

tapasvinī - female ascetic, a woman practicing spiritual austerity

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, spiritual merit (tapas)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, spiritual austerity, penance, spiritual merit

Root: tap (class 1)

तप्तं (taptaṁ) - Performed (austerity). (performed, practiced, heated)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapta

tapta - heated, burnt, performed (as in tapas)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root tap (to heat, to perform austerity)

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'.

सुदुर्श्चरम् (sudurścaram) - very difficult to perform, extremely arduous

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sudurścara

sudurścara - very difficult to accomplish, extremely arduous

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+dur+cara)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
• cara – moving, acting, to be performed
  adjective
  Derived from root car (to move, to perform)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'.

अनश्नन्त्या (anaśnantyā) - Refers to the ascetic. (by her not eating, by the one not eating)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of anaśnantī

anaśnantī - not eating, fasting

Present Active Participle (feminine)

Negative participle of root aś (to eat)

Prefix: an

Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'tapasvinyā' (implied agent).

पचन्त्या (pacantyā) - In context with 'not eating', it likely means 'not cooking (for herself)' or 'enduring/fasting'. (by her cooking (for others) / by her enduring hardship / by her fasting)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of pacantī

pacantī - cooking, ripening, digesting, enduring

Present Active Participle (feminine)

Participle of root pac (to cook, to ripen, to endure)

Root: pac (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tapasvinyā' (implied agent).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

समाः (samāḥ) - years

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of samā

samā - year

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'samāḥ'.

पारिताः (pāritāḥ) - completed, passed, brought to an end

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of pārita

pārita - completed, brought to an end, crossed over

Past Passive Participle

Derived from causative of root pṛ (to fill, to cross), pūrayati (to complete, to fulfill).

Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'samāḥ'.