महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-47, verse-12

उग्रं तपश्चरसि वै विदिता मेऽसि सुव्रते ।
यदर्थमयमारम्भस्तव कल्याणि हृद्गतः ॥१२॥

12. ugraṁ tapaścarasi vai viditā me'si suvrate ,
yadarthamayamārambhastava kalyāṇi hṛdgataḥ.

12. ugram tapaḥ carasi vai viditā me asi suvrate
yat artham ayam ārambhaḥ tava kalyāṇi hṛdgataḥ

12. suvrate kalyāṇi vai ugram tapaḥ carasi me asi
viditā yat artham ayam ārambhaḥ tava hṛdgataḥ

12. O virtuous one, you are indeed performing severe austerities (tapas), and I know the purpose for which this endeavor, cherished in your heart, has been undertaken by you, O auspicious one.

Words meanings summery:

• उग्रम् (ugram) - severe (severe, fierce, cruel, formidable)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual fervor)

• चरसि (carasi) - you perform (you perform, you practice, you move, you act)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, surely, verily, certainly)

• विदिता (viditā) - known (known, understood, perceived)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, of me, my)

• असि (asi) - you are

• सुव्रते (suvrate) - O virtuous one (O virtuous one, O one of good vows)

• यत् (yat) - for which (which, what, that (relative pronoun))

• अर्थम् (artham) - purpose (purpose, meaning, for the sake of, object)

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• आरम्भः (ārambhaḥ) - undertaking, endeavor (beginning, undertaking, enterprise, endeavor)

• तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

• कल्याणि (kalyāṇi) - O auspicious one (O auspicious one, O beautiful one, O fortunate one)

• हृद्गतः (hṛdgataḥ) - cherished in the heart (situated in the heart, gone to the heart, secret)

Words meanings and morphology

उग्रम् (ugram) - severe (severe, fierce, cruel, formidable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ugra

ugra - severe, fierce, cruel, formidable, mighty, violent

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual fervor)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor, self-discipline

चरसि (carasi) - you perform (you perform, you practice, you move, you act)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of car

Present Indicative

Root 'car', 1st conjugation, Parasmaipada

Root: car (class 1)

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, surely, verily, certainly)

(indeclinable)

विदिता (viditā) - known (known, understood, perceived)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vidita

vidita - known, understood, perceived, learned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vid' (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

मे (me) - to me (to me, of me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of mad

mad - I, me

Note: Also used as genitive singular.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Present Indicative

Root 'as', 2nd conjugation, Parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

सुव्रते (suvrate) - O virtuous one (O virtuous one, O one of good vows)

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of suvrata

suvrata - virtuous, pious, of good vows, observing good practices

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+vrata)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice, duty
  noun (neuter)

यत् (yat) - for which (which, what, that (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Used here idiomatically to introduce a purpose clause, 'for which'.

अर्थम् (artham) - purpose (purpose, meaning, for the sake of, object)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object, wealth, advantage, cause

Note: Often used with a pronoun in adverbial sense, e.g., 'yadartham' - for which purpose.

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

आरम्भः (ārambhaḥ) - undertaking, endeavor (beginning, undertaking, enterprise, endeavor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārambha

ārambha - beginning, undertaking, enterprise, endeavor, commencement

Derived from root 'rabh' with prefix 'ā'

From √rabh (to begin, seize) + ā- prefix

Prefix: ā

Root: rabh (class 1)

तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

कल्याणि (kalyāṇi) - O auspicious one (O auspicious one, O beautiful one, O fortunate one)

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of kalyāṇī

kalyāṇī - auspicious, beautiful, fortunate, excellent (feminine form of kalyāṇa)

हृद्गतः (hṛdgataḥ) - cherished in the heart (situated in the heart, gone to the heart, secret)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛdgata

hṛdgata - situated in the heart, gone to the heart, understood, secret

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hṛd+gata)

• hṛd – heart, mind, breast, core
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, arrived, situated, obtained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)