महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-47, verse-4

समास्तस्या व्यतिक्रान्ता बह्व्यः कुरुकुलोद्वह ।
चरन्त्या नियमांस्तांस्तान्स्त्रीभिस्तीव्रान्सुदुश्चरान् ॥४॥

4. samāstasyā vyatikrāntā bahvyaḥ kurukulodvaha ,
carantyā niyamāṁstāṁstānstrībhistīvrānsuduścarān.

4. samāḥ tasyāḥ vyatikrāntāḥ bahvyaḥ kurukulodvaha
carantyāḥ niyamān tān tān strībhiḥ tīvrān sudurcarān

4. kurukulodvaha tasyāḥ bahvyaḥ samāḥ vyatikrāntāḥ
carantyāḥ strībhiḥ tān tān tīvrān sudurcarān niyamān

4. O upholder of the Kuru lineage, many years passed for her, as she, accompanied by other women, was observing those various severe and extremely difficult vows.

Words meanings summery:

• समाः (samāḥ) - years

• तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - her, for her

• व्यतिक्रान्ताः (vyatikrāntāḥ) - passed, elapsed

• बह्व्यः (bahvyaḥ) - many

• कुरुकुलोद्वह (kurukulodvaha) - O upholder of the Kuru lineage

• चरन्त्याः (carantyāḥ) - by her (who was) practicing, observing

• नियमान् (niyamān) - observances, vows

• तान् (tān) - those

• तान् (tān) - those (various)

• स्त्रीभिः (strībhiḥ) - by/with women

• तीव्रान् (tīvrān) - severe, intense

• सुदुर्चरान् (sudurcarān) - very difficult to observe/practice

Words meanings and morphology

समाः (samāḥ) - years

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of samā

samā - year

तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - her, for her

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she

व्यतिक्रान्ताः (vyatikrāntāḥ) - passed, elapsed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vyatikrānta

vyatikrānta - passed, elapsed, gone by

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √kram with prefixes vi- and ati-

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: kram (class 1)

बह्व्यः (bahvyaḥ) - many

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, abundant

कुरुकुलोद्वह (kurukulodvaha) - O upholder of the Kuru lineage

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kurukulodvaha

kurukulodvaha - upholder of the Kuru lineage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kurukula+udvaha)

• kurukula – Kuru family, Kuru lineage
  noun (neuter)
• udvaha – bearer, upholder, supporter
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from ud-√vah
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vah (class 1)

चरन्त्याः (carantyāḥ) - by her (who was) practicing, observing

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, singular of carantī

carantī - practicing, observing, moving, wandering

Present Active Participle

Derived from √car, feminine form

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Used here to describe the agent in relation to 'tasyāḥ'

नियमान् (niyamān) - observances, vows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of niyama

niyama - observance, vow, rule, restraint

Root: yam (class 1)

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Used here as an adjective agreeing with 'niyamān'

तान् (tān) - those (various)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Repetition emphasizes 'various' or 'all those'

स्त्रीभिः (strībhiḥ) - by/with women

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female

तीव्रान् (tīvrān) - severe, intense

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tīvra

tīvra - severe, intense, sharp, fierce

Note: Agrees with 'niyamān'

सुदुर्चरान् (sudurcarān) - very difficult to observe/practice

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sudurcara

sudurcara - very difficult to practice or observe

Compound type : praadi-samāsa (su+durcara)

• su – good, well, very, easily
  indeclinable
• durcara – difficult to practice or observe
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from dur-√car
  Prefix: dur
  Root: car (class 1)