महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-28, verse-58

भ्रातरं च हतं दृष्ट्वा निर्जितः सव्यसाचिना ।
पश्यतां कुरुवीराणां प्रथमं त्वं पलायथाः ॥५८॥

58. bhrātaraṁ ca hataṁ dṛṣṭvā nirjitaḥ savyasācinā ,
paśyatāṁ kuruvīrāṇāṁ prathamaṁ tvaṁ palāyathāḥ.

58. bhrātaram ca hatam dṛṣṭvā nirjitaḥ savyasācinā
paśyatām kuruvīrāṇām prathamam tvam palāyathāḥ

58. tvam bhrātaram hatam ca savyasācinā nirjitaḥ
dṛṣṭvā kuruvīrāṇām paśyatām prathamam palāyathāḥ

58. And having seen your brother killed and yourself defeated by Arjuna (savyasācin), you were the first to flee while the Kuru heroes watched.

Words meanings summery:

• भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

• च (ca) - and, also

• हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• निर्जितः (nirjitaḥ) - defeated, conquered

• सव्यसाचिना (savyasācinā) - by Arjuna (by Arjuna (who shoots with the left hand))

• पश्यताम् (paśyatām) - of those seeing, while seeing

• कुरुवीराणाम् (kuruvīrāṇām) - of the Kuru heroes, of the heroes of the Kuru clan

• प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first, at first

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular)

• पलायथाः (palāyathāḥ) - you fled

Words meanings and morphology

भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck down

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill) with suffix -kta

Root: han (class 2)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From root dṛś (to see) with suffix -ktvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

निर्जितः (nirjitaḥ) - defeated, conquered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirjita

nirjita - defeated, conquered, overcome

Past Passive Participle

From root ji (to conquer) with upasarga nis- and suffix -kta

Prefix: nis

Root: ji (class 1)

सव्यसाचिना (savyasācinā) - by Arjuna (by Arjuna (who shoots with the left hand))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of savyasācin

savyasācin - one who shoots with the left hand, an epithet of Arjuna

Compound of savya (left) and sācin (shooter).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (savya+sācin)

• savya – left, left hand
  adjective
• sācin – one who shoots
  noun (masculine)
  From root sā (to sharpen, whet) or related to sāyaka (arrow) and denotes one who shoots.

पश्यताम् (paśyatām) - of those seeing, while seeing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, observing

Present Active Participle

From root dṛś (to see), with present stem paśya- and suffix -śatṛ

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions adjectivally to qualify 'kuruvīrāṇām'.

कुरुवीराणाम् (kuruvīrāṇām) - of the Kuru heroes, of the heroes of the Kuru clan

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuruvīra

kuruvīra - Kuru hero, a warrior of the Kuru lineage

Compound of Kuru and vīra.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+vīra)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and his dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vīra – hero, warrior, brave man
  noun (masculine)

प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first, at first

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

पलायथाः (palāyathāḥ) - you fled

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, past imperfect (luṅ) of palāy

Aorist

From root i (to go) with prefix parā-. Aorist (luṅ), 2nd person, singular, Ātmanepada.

Prefix: parā

Root: i (class 2)