महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-28, verse-56

द्रोणद्रौणिकृपैर्गुप्तो भीष्मेणान्यैश्च कौरवैः ।
विराटनगरे पार्थमेकं किं नावधीस्तदा ॥५६॥

56. droṇadrauṇikṛpairgupto bhīṣmeṇānyaiśca kauravaiḥ ,
virāṭanagare pārthamekaṁ kiṁ nāvadhīstadā.

56. droṇadrauṇikṛpaiḥ guptaḥ bhīṣmeṇa anyaiḥ ca kauravaiḥ
virāṭanagare pārtham ekam kim na avadhīḥ tadā

56. tadā droṇadrauṇikṛpaiḥ bhīṣmeṇa ca anyaiḥ kauravaiḥ
guptaḥ virāṭanagare ekam pārtham kim na avadhīḥ

56. When you were protected by Droṇa, Drauṇi (Aśvatthāmā), Kṛpa, Bhīṣma, and other Kauravas, why did you not kill Arjuna, who was all alone, in the city of Virāṭa then?

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणद्रौणिकृपैः (droṇadrauṇikṛpaiḥ) - by Droṇa, Drauṇi (Aśvatthāmā), and Kṛpa (by Droṇa, Drauṇi, and Kṛpa)

• गुप्तः (guptaḥ) - protected (protected, guarded, concealed)

• भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhīṣma

• अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others (by others, by other)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कौरवैः (kauravaiḥ) - by the Kauravas (by the Kauravas, by the descendants of Kuru)

• विराटनगरे (virāṭanagare) - in the city of Virāṭa

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (Arjuna (son of Pṛthā))

• एकम् (ekam) - who was all alone (one, alone, solitary)

• किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अवधीः (avadhīḥ) - you killed (you killed, you struck down)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणद्रौणिकृपैः (droṇadrauṇikṛpaiḥ) - by Droṇa, Drauṇi (Aśvatthāmā), and Kṛpa (by Droṇa, Drauṇi, and Kṛpa)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of droṇadrauṇikṛpa

droṇadrauṇikṛpa - Droṇa, Drauṇi, and Kṛpa (collective)

Dvandva compound of proper nouns.

Compound type : dvandva (droṇa+drauṇi+kṛpa)

• droṇa – Droṇa (a name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• drauṇi – Drauṇi (son of Droṇa, Aśvatthāmā)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Patronymic from Droṇa.
• kṛpa – Kṛpa (a name)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates agents of protection.

गुप्तः (guptaḥ) - protected (protected, guarded, concealed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gupta

gupta - protected, guarded, hidden, secret

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gup (to protect, to hide).

Root: gup (class 1)

भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (a proper name, grandfather of Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas)

Note: Another agent of protection.

अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others (by others, by other)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'bhīṣmeṇa' and 'anyaiḥ kauravaiḥ'.

कौरवैः (kauravaiḥ) - by the Kauravas (by the Kauravas, by the descendants of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - a descendant of Kuru, a Kaurava (especially referring to Duryodhana and his brothers)

Derivative from Kuru.

Note: Agrees with 'anyaiḥ'.

विराटनगरे (virāṭanagare) - in the city of Virāṭa

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of virāṭanagara

virāṭanagara - the city of Virāṭa (name of a kingdom where the Pāṇḍavas spent their incognito year)

Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (virāṭa+nagara)

• virāṭa – Virāṭa (a name, king of Matsya kingdom)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nagara – city, town
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates location.

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (Arjuna (son of Pṛthā))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), especially Arjuna

Patronymic from Pṛthā.

Note: Object of 'avadhīḥ'.

एकम् (ekam) - who was all alone (one, alone, solitary)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, sole, alone, single

Numeral adjective.

किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative pronoun/adverb.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

अवधीः (avadhīḥ) - you killed (you killed, you struck down)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of han

Aorist (Luṅ)

Second person singular aorist of root han (to strike, kill). It takes an initial 'a' augmentation and forms a root aorist with 'dh' stem.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Addresses Duryodhana.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.