महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-28, verse-43

अथ हंसोऽभ्यतिक्रम्य मुहूर्तमिति चेति च ।
अवेक्षमाणस्तं काकं नाशक्नोद्व्यपसर्पितुम् ।
अतिक्रम्य च चक्राङ्गः काकं तं समुदैक्षत ॥४३॥

43. atha haṁso'bhyatikramya muhūrtamiti ceti ca ,
avekṣamāṇastaṁ kākaṁ nāśaknodvyapasarpitum ,
atikramya ca cakrāṅgaḥ kākaṁ taṁ samudaikṣata.

43. atha haṃsaḥ abhyatikramya muhūrtam
iti ca iti ca avekṣamāṇaḥ tam kākam
na aśaknot vyapasarpitum atikramya
ca cakrāṅgaḥ kākam tam samudaikṣata

43. atha haṃsaḥ muhūrtam iti ca iti ca abhyatikramya,
tam kākam avekṣamāṇaḥ,
vyapasarpitum na aśaknot.
ca cakrāṅgaḥ atikramya tam kākam samudaikṣata.

43. Then the swan, after having moved past for a moment, here and there, and observing that crow, was unable to move away. And the cakrāṅga (swan), having passed beyond (the crow), looked intently at it.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• हंसः (haṁsaḥ) - swan, goose

• अभ्यतिक्रम्य (abhyatikramya) - having moved past, having gone beyond, having approached

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment, for an instant

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

• च (ca) - and, also

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

• च (ca) - and, also

• अवेक्षमाणः (avekṣamāṇaḥ) - observing, looking at

• तम् (tam) - that, him

• काकम् (kākam) - crow

• न (na) - not, no

• अशक्नोत् (aśaknot) - he was unable

• व्यपसर्पितुम् (vyapasarpitum) - to move away, to withdraw, to retreat

• अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having passed by, having moved beyond

• च (ca) - and, also

• चक्राङ्गः (cakrāṅgaḥ) - the swan (referring to the same bird, haṃsa) (cakrāṅga (a kind of water bird, often a ruddy shelduck or another type of swan/goose))

• काकम् (kākam) - crow

• तम् (tam) - that, him

• समुदैक्षत (samudaikṣata) - he looked intently at, he observed thoroughly, he beheld

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

हंसः (haṁsaḥ) - swan, goose

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of haṃsa

haṁsa - swan, goose, a mythical bird, soul (ātman)

अभ्यतिक्रम्य (abhyatikramya) - having moved past, having gone beyond, having approached

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from ati-kram (to go beyond) with abhi (towards/over)

Prefixes: abhi+ati

Root: kram (class 1)

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment, for an instant

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - moment, instant, a period of time (48 minutes)

Note: Used adverbially to denote duration 'for a moment'.

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Repetition 'iti ca iti ca' suggests 'here and there' or 'in various ways/actions'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Repetition 'iti ca iti ca' suggests 'here and there' or 'in various ways/actions'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अवेक्षमाणः (avekṣamāṇaḥ) - observing, looking at

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avekṣamāṇa

avekṣamāṇa - observing, looking at, considering

present middle participle

from ava-īkṣ (to look at) + śānac suffix

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `haṃsaḥ`.

तम् (tam) - that, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to `kākam`.

काकम् (kākam) - crow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāka

kāka - crow

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अशक्नोत् (aśaknot) - he was unable

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of śak

imperfect, 3rd person singular

laṅ (Imperfect), Parasmaipada, 3rd singular

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Verb form is `aśaknot` from root `śak`.

व्यपसर्पितुम् (vyapasarpitum) - to move away, to withdraw, to retreat

(infinitive)

अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having passed by, having moved beyond

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from ati-kram (to go beyond) + lyap suffix

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

चक्राङ्गः (cakrāṅgaḥ) - the swan (referring to the same bird, haṃsa) (cakrāṅga (a kind of water bird, often a ruddy shelduck or another type of swan/goose))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cakrāṅga

cakrāṅga - ruddy shelduck, a species of swan/goose; wheel-limbed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (cakra+aṅga)

• cakra – wheel, disc, circle
  noun (neuter)
• aṅga – limb, body, part, member
  noun (neuter)

Note: Often used as a synonym for a swan or similar water bird.

काकम् (kākam) - crow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāka

kāka - crow

तम् (tam) - that, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to `kākam`.

समुदैक्षत (samudaikṣata) - he looked intently at, he observed thoroughly, he beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of samudīkṣ

imperfect, 3rd person singular

from sam-ud-īkṣ (to look intently); laṅ (Imperfect), Ātmanepada, 3rd singular. The augment 'a' of laṅ combines with 'u' of 'ud' to form 'o', and 'o' with 'ī' of 'īkṣ' makes 'aud' or 'aikṣ' in specific sandhi contexts.

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: The prefixes `sam-` and `ud-` are integrated into the verb form.