महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-28, verse-57

यत्र व्यस्ताः समस्ताश्च निर्जिताः स्थ किरीटिना ।
सृगाला इव सिंहेन क्व ते वीर्यमभूत्तदा ॥५७॥

57. yatra vyastāḥ samastāśca nirjitāḥ stha kirīṭinā ,
sṛgālā iva siṁhena kva te vīryamabhūttadā.

57. yatra vyastāḥ samastāḥ ca nirjitāḥ stha kirīṭinā
sṛgālāḥ iva siṃhena kva te vīryam abhūt tadā

57. yatra yūyam vyastāḥ samastāḥ ca kirīṭinā siṃhena
iva sṛgālāḥ nirjitāḥ stha tadā te vīryam kva abhūt

57. At that time, when you all, both scattered and assembled, were defeated by Arjuna (Kirīṭin) just as jackals are by a lion, where was your prowess then?

Words meanings summery:

• यत्र (yatra) - when (where, in which, when)

• व्यस्ताः (vyastāḥ) - scattered (scattered, dispersed, separate)

• समस्ताः (samastāḥ) - assembled (assembled, collected, entire, all)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• निर्जिताः (nirjitāḥ) - defeated (conquered, defeated, vanquished)

• स्थ (stha) - you were (you are, you exist, you stand)

• किरीटिना (kirīṭinā) - by Arjuna (Kirīṭin) (by the diadem-wearer, by Arjuna)

• सृगालाः (sṛgālāḥ) - jackals

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

• सिंहेन (siṁhena) - by a lion

• क्व (kva) - where (where, whither, for what purpose)

• ते (te) - your (your, by you (dative/genitive singular))

• वीर्यम् (vīryam) - valor (valor, prowess, strength, heroism)

• अभूत् (abhūt) - was (was, became, existed)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

यत्र (yatra) - when (where, in which, when)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place or time.

व्यस्ताः (vyastāḥ) - scattered (scattered, dispersed, separate)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyasta

vyasta - scattered, dispersed, separate, disunited

Past Passive Participle

From root as (to throw) with vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Agrees with implied 'yūyam' (you all).

समस्ताः (samastāḥ) - assembled (assembled, collected, entire, all)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samasta

samasta - collected, assembled, entire, whole, compounded

Past Passive Participle

From root as (to throw) with sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Agrees with implied 'yūyam'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'vyastāḥ' and 'samastāḥ'.

निर्जिताः (nirjitāḥ) - defeated (conquered, defeated, vanquished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirjita

nirjita - conquered, defeated, overcome

Past Passive Participle

From root ji (to conquer) with nir.

Prefix: nir

Root: ji (class 1)

स्थ (stha) - you were (you are, you exist, you stand)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Tense

Second person plural present active voice of root as.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: The implied subject is 'you all'.

किरीटिना (kirīṭinā) - by Arjuna (Kirīṭin) (by the diadem-wearer, by Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kirīṭin

kirīṭin - crowned, wearing a diadem, an epithet of Arjuna

Derived from kirīṭa (diadem) with the possessive suffix -in.

Note: Agent of 'nirjitāḥ'.

सृगालाः (sṛgālāḥ) - jackals

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sṛgāla

sṛgāla - jackal, fox

Note: Corresponds to the implied 'you all'.

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

सिंहेन (siṁhena) - by a lion

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of siṃha

siṁha - lion, a powerful or excellent man

Note: Corresponds to 'kirīṭinā'.

क्व (kva) - where (where, whither, for what purpose)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb of place.

ते (te) - your (your, by you (dative/genitive singular))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Genitive singular or Dative singular of 'yuṣmad'.

Note: Refers to Duryodhana's valor.

वीर्यम् (vīryam) - valor (valor, prowess, strength, heroism)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vīrya

vīrya - valor, prowess, strength, heroism, energy

From vīra (hero) + ya.

अभूत् (abhūt) - was (was, became, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Aorist (Luṅ)

Third person singular aorist active voice of root bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Its subject is 'vīryam'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.