महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-28, verse-18

तेषां यं प्रवरं मेने हंसानां दूरपातिनाम् ।
तमाह्वयत दुर्बुद्धिः पताम इति पक्षिणम् ॥१८॥

18. teṣāṁ yaṁ pravaraṁ mene haṁsānāṁ dūrapātinām ,
tamāhvayata durbuddhiḥ patāma iti pakṣiṇam.

18. teṣām yam pravaram mene haṃsānām dūrapātinām
tam āhvayat durbuddhiḥ patāma iti pakṣiṇam

18. durbuddhiḥ dūrapātinām haṃsānām teṣām yam
pravaram mene tam pakṣiṇam patāma iti āhvayat

18. Among those far-flying swans (haṃsa), the foolish bird (durbuddhi) considered one to be the best and challenged him, saying, "Let us fly (patāma)!"

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, among them

• यम् (yam) - whom, which

• प्रवरम् (pravaram) - the best, the foremost, excellent

• मेने (mene) - he considered, he thought

• हंसानाम् (haṁsānām) - of the swans

• दूरपातिनाम् (dūrapātinām) - of the far-flying, of those who fly far

• तम् (tam) - him

• आह्वयत् (āhvayat) - he challenged, he called

• दुर्बुद्धिः (durbuddhiḥ) - the foolish one, one with evil intellect

• पताम (patāma) - let us fly, let us fall

• इति (iti) - thus, saying

• पक्षिणम् (pakṣiṇam) - the bird

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, among them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

यम् (yam) - whom, which

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

प्रवरम् (pravaram) - the best, the foremost, excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pravara

pravara - excellent, chief, best, foremost

मेने (mene) - he considered, he thought

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of man

Root: man (class 4)

हंसानाम् (haṁsānām) - of the swans

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of haṃsa

haṁsa - swan, goose, a mythical bird

दूरपातिनाम् (dūrapātinām) - of the far-flying, of those who fly far

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dūrapātin

dūrapātin - far-flying, going a long distance

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dūra+pātin)

• dūra – far, distant
  indeclinable
• pātin – flying, falling, one who flies/falls
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  derived from root pat (to fly/fall)
  Root: pat (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आह्वयत् (āhvayat) - he challenged, he called

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of ā-hve

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

दुर्बुद्धिः (durbuddhiḥ) - the foolish one, one with evil intellect

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durbuddhi

durbuddhi - foolish, stupid, evil-minded

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+buddhi)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, wisdom
  noun (feminine)

पताम (patāma) - let us fly, let us fall

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of pat

Root: pat (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, saying

(indeclinable)

पक्षिणम् (pakṣiṇam) - the bird

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pakṣin

pakṣin - bird, winged creature