महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-28, verse-53

आरोप्य पृष्ठं काकं तं हंसः कर्ण विचेतसम् ।
आजगाम पुनर्द्वीपं स्पर्धया पेततुर्यतः ॥५३॥

53. āropya pṛṣṭhaṁ kākaṁ taṁ haṁsaḥ karṇa vicetasam ,
ājagāma punardvīpaṁ spardhayā petaturyataḥ.

53. āropya pṛṣṭham kākam tam haṃsaḥ karṇam vicetasam
ājagāma punar dvīpam spardhayā petatuḥ yataḥ

53. haṃsaḥ pṛṣṭham karṇam vicetasam tam kākam āropya
yataḥ spardhayā petatuḥ punaḥ dvīpam ājagāma

53. Having placed that crow, Karṇa, who was utterly unconscious, on his back, the swan returned to the island from where they both had fallen due to their rivalry.

Words meanings summery:

• आरोप्य (āropya) - having placed, having caused to ascend

• पृष्ठम् (pṛṣṭham) - back, surface

• काकम् (kākam) - crow

• तम् (tam) - that, him

• हंसः (haṁsaḥ) - the swan

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - The crow named Karṇa. (Karṇa (proper name))

• विचेतसम् (vicetasam) - unconscious, senseless, bewildered

• आजगाम (ājagāma) - he came, he went, he returned

• पुनर् (punar) - again, back, further

• द्वीपम् (dvīpam) - island

• स्पर्धया (spardhayā) - through rivalry, out of competition

• पेततुः (petatuḥ) - they both fell

• यतः (yataḥ) - from where, because, whence

Words meanings and morphology

आरोप्य (āropya) - having placed, having caused to ascend

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive from causal of root ruh (to ascend) with upasarga ā

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

पृष्ठम् (pṛṣṭham) - back, surface

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pṛṣṭha

pṛṣṭha - back, surface, rear

काकम् (kākam) - crow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāka

kāka - crow, bird

तम् (tam) - that, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

हंसः (haṁsaḥ) - the swan

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of haṃsa

haṁsa - swan, goose

Root: han (class 2)

कर्णम् (karṇam) - The crow named Karṇa. (Karṇa (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear, rudder, proper name (Karṇa)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions in apposition to 'kākam', hence accusative.

विचेतसम् (vicetasam) - unconscious, senseless, bewildered

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vicetas

vicetas - unconscious, senseless, bewildered

Compound of vi (apart, without) and cetas (consciousness, mind)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+cetas)

• vi – apart, without, dis-
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating separation or negation
• cetas – consciousness, mind, intelligence
  noun (neuter)
  From root cit (to perceive, understand)
  Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'kākam'.

आजगाम (ājagāma) - he came, he went, he returned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of āgam

Perfect tense

Perfect 3rd person singular, from root gam (to go) with upasarga ā

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

पुनर् (punar) - again, back, further

(indeclinable)

द्वीपम् (dvīpam) - island

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvīpa

dvīpa - island, continent

Root: dvip

स्पर्धया (spardhayā) - through rivalry, out of competition

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of spardhā

spardhā - rivalry, competition, emulation

From root spṛdh (to contend, vie)

Root: spṛdh (class 1)

पेततुः (petatuḥ) - they both fell

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (liṭ) of pat

Perfect tense

Perfect 3rd person dual, from root pat (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

यतः (yataḥ) - from where, because, whence

(indeclinable)

Derived from relative pronoun yad