महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-28, verse-40

ततो भीः प्राविशत्काकं तदा तत्र विचेतसम् ।
द्वीपद्रुमानपश्यन्तं निपतन्तं श्रमान्वितम् ।
निपतेयं क्व नु श्रान्त इति तस्मिञ्जलार्णवे ॥४०॥

40. tato bhīḥ prāviśatkākaṁ tadā tatra vicetasam ,
dvīpadrumānapaśyantaṁ nipatantaṁ śramānvitam ,
nipateyaṁ kva nu śrānta iti tasmiñjalārṇave.

40. tataḥ bhīḥ prāviśat kākam tadā tatra
vicetasam dvīpadrumān apaśyantam
nipatantam śramānvitam nipateyam
kva nu śrāntaḥ iti tasmin jalārṇave

40. tataḥ tadā tatra vicetasam kākam bhīḥ prāviśat.
śramānvitam nipatantam dvīpadrumān apaśyantam.
iti "kva nu śrāntaḥ tasmin jalārṇave nipateyam?"

40. Then fear entered the crow, which was at that moment bewildered. Weary, falling, and unable to see any island trees, (it thought): "Where can I fall, exhausted, in this watery ocean?"

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• भीः (bhīḥ) - fear, terror

• प्राविशत् (prāviśat) - entered, went into

• काकम् (kākam) - crow

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, in that case

• विचेतसम् (vicetasam) - bewildered, distracted, senseless

• द्वीपद्रुमान् (dvīpadrumān) - island trees

• अपश्यन्तम् (apaśyantam) - not seeing, unseeing

• निपतन्तम् (nipatantam) - falling down, descending

• श्रमान्वितम् (śramānvitam) - accompanied by weariness, exhausted, weary

• निपतेयम् (nipateyam) - may I fall, should I fall

• क्व (kva) - where?, whither?

• नु (nu) - indeed, now (interrogative particle)

• श्रान्तः (śrāntaḥ) - exhausted, weary, fatigued

• इति (iti) - thus, so (marks direct or indirect speech)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that

• जलार्णवे (jalārṇave) - in the watery ocean

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

भीः (bhīḥ) - fear, terror

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhī

bhī - fear, terror, dread

Root: bhī (class 3)

प्राविशत् (prāviśat) - entered, went into

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prāviś

From root `viś` (to enter) with prefix `pra` (forward)

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

काकम् (kākam) - crow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāka

kāka - crow

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, in that case

(indeclinable)

विचेतसम् (vicetasam) - bewildered, distracted, senseless

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vicetas

vicetas - bewildered, distracted, senseless, without mind

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+cetas)

• vi – apart, away, prefix indicating separation, intensity, negation
  indeclinable
  prefix
• cetas – mind, intellect, consciousness
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cit (class 1)

द्वीपद्रुमान् (dvīpadrumān) - island trees

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dvīpadruma

dvīpadruma - island tree

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dvīpa+druma)

• dvīpa – island, continent
  noun (masculine)
• druma – tree
  noun (masculine)

अपश्यन्तम् (apaśyantam) - not seeing, unseeing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apaśyat

apaśyat - not seeing, unseeing

Present Active Participle (negative)

From root `dṛś` (to see) with negative prefix `a` and present participle suffix `śatṛ`

Root: dṛś (class 1)

निपतन्तम् (nipatantam) - falling down, descending

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nipatant

nipatant - falling down, descending

Present Active Participle

From root `pat` (to fall) with prefix `ni` (down) and present participle suffix `śatṛ`

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

श्रमान्वितम् (śramānvitam) - accompanied by weariness, exhausted, weary

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śramānvita

śramānvita - accompanied by weariness, exhausted, weary

Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (śrama+anvita)

• śrama – weariness, fatigue, effort
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śram (class 4)
• anvita – accompanied by, connected with, joined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `i` (to go) with prefix `anu` (after) and `kta` suffix
  Prefix: anu
  Root: i (class 2)

निपतेयम् (nipateyam) - may I fall, should I fall

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of nipat

From root `pat` (to fall) with prefix `ni` (down)

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

क्व (kva) - where?, whither?

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed, now (interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

श्रान्तः (śrāntaḥ) - exhausted, weary, fatigued

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrānta

śrānta - exhausted, weary, fatigued, at rest

Past Passive Participle

From root `śram` (to be weary, exert oneself) with `kta` suffix

Root: śram (class 4)

इति (iti) - thus, so (marks direct or indirect speech)

(indeclinable)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

जलार्णवे (jalārṇave) - in the watery ocean

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jalārṇava

jalārṇava - watery ocean, ocean of water

Compound type : karmadhāraya (jala+arṇava)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• arṇava – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)