महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-28, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
मारिषाधिरथेः श्रुत्वा वचो युद्धाभिनन्दिनः ।
शल्योऽब्रवीत्पुनः कर्णं निदर्शनमुदाहरन् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
māriṣādhiratheḥ śrutvā vaco yuddhābhinandinaḥ ,
śalyo'bravītpunaḥ karṇaṁ nidarśanamudāharan.

1. sañjaya uvāca māriṣa adhiratheḥ śrutvā vacaḥ yuddhābhinandinaḥ
śalyaḥ abravīt punaḥ karṇam nidarśanam udāharan

1. sañjaya uvāca: māriṣa,
yuddhābhinandinaḥ adhiratheḥ vacaḥ śrutvā śalyaḥ punaḥ karṇam nidarśanam udāharan abravīt

1. Sañjaya said: O respected one, having heard the words of Karna (adhiratheḥ), who was delighting in battle, Shalya spoke to Karna again, illustrating his point with an example.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• मारिष (māriṣa) - Sanjaya addresses Dhritarashtra. (O respected one, O worthy one)

• अधिरथेः (adhiratheḥ) - Refers to Karna, who was adopted by Adhiratha. (of Adhiratha's son (Karna))

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

• युद्धाभिनन्दिनः (yuddhābhinandinaḥ) - Describes Karna, who was eager for battle. (of him who delighted in battle)

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Shalya

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - to Karna

• निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - example, illustration, proof

• उदाहरन् (udāharan) - Shalya citing an example. (citing, giving, presenting)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator of the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ) form

Root: vac (class 2)

मारिष (māriṣa) - Sanjaya addresses Dhritarashtra. (O respected one, O worthy one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of māriṣa

māriṣa - a respectable person, worthy one

अधिरथेः (adhiratheḥ) - Refers to Karna, who was adopted by Adhiratha. (of Adhiratha's son (Karna))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of adhirathi

adhirathi - son of Adhiratha (Karna)

Patronymic derived from Adhiratha by adding suffix -i

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form derived from root √śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

Root: vac (class 2)

युद्धाभिनन्दिनः (yuddhābhinandinaḥ) - Describes Karna, who was eager for battle. (of him who delighted in battle)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yuddhābhinandin

yuddhābhinandin - delighting in battle, eager for battle

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (yuddha+abhinandin)

• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Past passive participle of √yudh (to fight), used as a noun.
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• abhinandin – delighting, rejoicing, gladdening
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun (participle-like)
  Derived from root √nand with prefix abhi
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: nand (class 1)

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Shalya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Shalya (name of the king of Madras); dart, spear, thorn

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

(indeclinable)

कर्णम् (karṇam) - to Karna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (name of a prominent character in the Mahabharata); ear

निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - example, illustration, proof

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidarśana

nidarśana - example, illustration, proof, showing, indicating

Derived from root √dṛś with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: dṛś (class 1)

उदाहरन् (udāharan) - Shalya citing an example. (citing, giving, presenting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ud-ā-hṛ

hṛ - to carry, to bring, to offer, to take, to cite

present active participle

Present active participle (śatṛ) form of root √hṛ with prefixes ud and ā.

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)