महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-28, verse-21

कथं नु हंसं बलिनं वज्राङ्गं दूरपातिनम् ।
काको भूत्वा निपतने समाह्वयसि दुर्मते ।
कथं त्वं पतनं काक सहास्माभिर्ब्रवीषि तत् ॥२१॥

21. kathaṁ nu haṁsaṁ balinaṁ vajrāṅgaṁ dūrapātinam ,
kāko bhūtvā nipatane samāhvayasi durmate ,
kathaṁ tvaṁ patanaṁ kāka sahāsmābhirbravīṣi tat.

21. katham nu haṃsam balinam vajrāṅgam
dūrapātinam kākaḥ bhūtvā nipatane
samāhvayasi durmate katham tvam
patanam kāka saha asmābhiḥ bravīṣi tat

21. durmate kākaḥ bhūtvā katham nu
balinam vajrāṅgam dūrapātinam haṃsam
nipatane samāhvayasi kāka tvam
asmābhiḥ saha patanam tat katham bravīṣi

21. O foolish one (durmate), how indeed, being a crow (kāka), do you challenge a powerful, thunderbolt-bodied, far-flying swan (haṃsa) to a flying contest? O crow (kāka), how can you even propose flying with us?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, then

• हंसम् (haṁsam) - a swan

• बलिनम् (balinam) - strong, mighty

• वज्राङ्गम् (vajrāṅgam) - having a thunderbolt-like body

• दूरपातिनम् (dūrapātinam) - far-flying, long-flying

• काकः (kākaḥ) - a crow

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become, being

• निपतने (nipatane) - in a flying contest/challenge (in flying down, in falling down)

• समाह्वयसि (samāhvayasi) - you challenge, you call

• दुर्मते (durmate) - O foolish one, O one with evil intellect

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• पतनम् (patanam) - flying, falling

• काक (kāka) - O crow

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - with us

• ब्रवीषि (bravīṣi) - you say, you speak

• तत् (tat) - that

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed, now, then

(indeclinable)

हंसम् (haṁsam) - a swan

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of haṃsa

haṁsa - swan, goose, a mythical bird

बलिनम् (balinam) - strong, mighty

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - strong, powerful, mighty

वज्राङ्गम् (vajrāṅgam) - having a thunderbolt-like body

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vajrāṅga

vajrāṅga - having a thunderbolt-like body, strong-bodied

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vajra+aṅga)

• vajra – thunderbolt, diamond
  noun (neuter)
• aṅga – limb, body, part
  noun (neuter)

दूरपातिनम् (dūrapātinam) - far-flying, long-flying

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dūrapātin

dūrapātin - far-flying, going a long distance

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dūra+pātin)

• dūra – far, distant
  indeclinable
• pātin – flying, falling, one who flies/falls
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  derived from root pat (to fly/fall)
  Root: pat (class 1)

काकः (kākaḥ) - a crow

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāka

kāka - crow

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become, being

(indeclinable)

absolutive

formed from root bhū with suffix -tvā

Root: bhū (class 1)

निपतने (nipatane) - in a flying contest/challenge (in flying down, in falling down)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of nipatana

nipatana - falling down, flying down, descent

derived from root pat with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

समाह्वयसि (samāhvayasi) - you challenge, you call

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sam-ā-hve

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: hve (class 1)

दुर्मते (durmate) - O foolish one, O one with evil intellect

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of durbuddhi

durbuddhi - foolish, stupid, evil-minded

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+buddhi)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, wisdom
  noun (feminine)

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmadd

yuṣmadd - you

पतनम् (patanam) - flying, falling

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of patana

patana - flying, falling, descent

verbal noun from root pat (to fly/fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

काक (kāka) - O crow

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kāka

kāka - crow

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - with us

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of asmadd

asmadd - I, we

ब्रवीषि (bravīṣi) - you say, you speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it