महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-88, verse-52

स मुहूर्तमिवाश्वस्य सदश्वान्समचोदयत् ।
व्यपेतभीरमित्राणामावहत्सुमहद्भयम् ।
सात्यकिश्चाभ्यगात्तस्मात्स तु भीममुपाद्रवत् ॥५२॥

52. sa muhūrtamivāśvasya sadaśvānsamacodayat ,
vyapetabhīramitrāṇāmāvahatsumahadbhayam ,
sātyakiścābhyagāttasmātsa tu bhīmamupādravat.

52. sa muhūrtam iva āśvasya sadaśvān
samacodayat | vyapetabhīḥ amitrāṇām āvahat
sumahat bhayam | sātyakiḥ ca
abhyagāt tasmāt saḥ tu bhīmam upādravat

52. sa muhūrtam iva āśvasya sadaśvān
samacodayat saḥ vyapetabhīḥ amitrāṇām
sumahat bhayam āvahat ca sātyakiḥ tasmāt
abhyagāt tu saḥ bhīmam upādravat

52. He (Bhoja), having collected himself for a moment, spurred his excellent horses. Fearless, he brought immense terror upon his enemies. And Sātyaki advanced towards him; but Sātyaki then rushed towards Bhīma.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment

• इव (iva) - like, as if, for a short while

• आश्वस्य (āśvasya) - having recovered, having rested, having collected oneself

• सदश्वान् (sadaśvān) - good horses, excellent horses

• समचोदयत् (samacodayat) - he urged on, he spurred

• व्यपेतभीः (vyapetabhīḥ) - fearless, whose fear has departed

• अमित्राणाम् (amitrāṇām) - of the enemies

• आवहत् (āvahat) - he brought, he caused

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, immense

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, terror

• सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Sātyaki

• च (ca) - and

• अभ्यगात् (abhyagāt) - he approached, he went towards

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from him, from that

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhīma

• उपाद्रवत् (upādravat) - he rushed towards, he approached

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bhoja (Kṛtavarman).

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - a moment, a short time

Note: Adverbial accusative, indicating duration.

इव (iva) - like, as if, for a short while

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'muhūrtam', indicating 'just for a moment'.

आश्वस्य (āśvasya) - having recovered, having rested, having collected oneself

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'śvas' (to breathe) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: śvas (class 2)

सदश्वान् (sadaśvān) - good horses, excellent horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sadaśva

sadaśva - good horse, excellent horse

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+aśva)

• sat – good, true, existing
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root 'as' (to be).
  Root: as (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'samacodayat'.

समचोदयत् (samacodayat) - he urged on, he spurred

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of cud

Prefix: sam

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, causative of root 'cud' with prefix 'sam'.

व्यपेतभीः (vyapetabhīḥ) - fearless, whose fear has departed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyapetabhī

vyapetabhī - fearless, free from fear (lit. 'whose fear has gone away')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyapeta+bhī)

• vyapeta – departed, gone away
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'i' (to go) with prefixes 'vi' and 'apa'.
  Prefixes: vi+apa
  Root: i (class 2)
• bhī – fear
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies Bhoja (implied subject).

अमित्राणाम् (amitrāṇām) - of the enemies

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of amitra

amitra - enemy (lit. 'not a friend')

Note: Indicates the recipients of the fear.

आवहत् (āvahat) - he brought, he caused

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vah

Prefix: ā

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, root 'vah' with prefix 'ā'.

सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, immense

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, immense

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, very, well
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large
  adjective

Note: Qualifies 'bhayam'.

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, terror

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, terror

Note: Object of 'āvahat'.

सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Sātyaki

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - Sātyaki (proper name, a Yādava warrior)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अभ्यगात् (abhyagāt) - he approached, he went towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of gam

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, root 'gam' with prefix 'abhi'.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from him, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bhoja (Kṛtavarman).

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Sātyaki.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates a change of direction/target for Sātyaki.

भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhīma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma (proper name)

Note: Object of 'upādravat'.

उपाद्रवत् (upādravat) - he rushed towards, he approached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dru

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, root 'dru' with prefix 'upa' + 'ā'.