महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-88, verse-23

तं द्रोणः साश्वयन्तारं सरथध्वजमाशुगैः ।
त्वरन्प्राच्छादयद्बाणैः शलभानामिव व्रजैः ॥२३॥

23. taṁ droṇaḥ sāśvayantāraṁ sarathadhvajamāśugaiḥ ,
tvaranprācchādayadbāṇaiḥ śalabhānāmiva vrajaiḥ.

23. tam droṇaḥ sa-aśva-yantāram sa-ratha-dhvajam āśugaiḥ
tvaran prācchādayat bāṇaiḥ śalabhānām iva vrajaiḥ

23. droṇaḥ tvaran āśugaiḥ bāṇaiḥ śalabhānām vrajaiḥ iva
tam sa-aśva-yantāram sa-ratha-dhvajam prācchādayat

23. Droṇa, swiftly, covered him (Yuyudhāna)—along with his horses, charioteer, chariot, and banner—with swift arrows, like swarms of locusts.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Yuyudhāna (him, that)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

• स-अश्व-यन्तारम् (sa-aśva-yantāram) - along with horses and charioteer

• स-रथ-ध्वजम् (sa-ratha-dhvajam) - along with chariot and banner

• आशुगैः (āśugaiḥ) - with swift arrows

• त्वरन् (tvaran) - hurrying, quickly

• प्राच्छादयत् (prācchādayat) - covered

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

• शलभानाम् (śalabhānām) - of locusts

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• व्रजैः (vrajaiḥ) - with swarms, with multitudes

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Yuyudhāna (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Yuyudhāna (Satyaki).

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (proper name)

स-अश्व-यन्तारम् (sa-aśva-yantāram) - along with horses and charioteer

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sa-aśva-yantṛ

sa-aśva-yantṛ - with horses and a charioteer

Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'having horses and a charioteer'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+aśva+yantṛ)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'with' or 'having'.
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
  Root: aś (class 5)
• yantṛ – charioteer, controller
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root yam (to control).
  Root: yam (class 1)

स-रथ-ध्वजम् (sa-ratha-dhvajam) - along with chariot and banner

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sa-ratha-dhvaja

sa-ratha-dhvaja - with a chariot and a banner

Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'having a chariot and a banner'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+ratha+dhvaja)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'with' or 'having'.
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• dhvaja – banner, flag
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhvaj (class 1)

आशुगैः (āśugaiḥ) - with swift arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āśuga

āśuga - swift-moving, arrow (literally 'swift-goer')

Compound meaning 'swift-goer', often used for arrows.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āśu+ga)

• āśu – swift, quick
  adjective/adverb
• ga – going, moving
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  From root gam (to go) with suffix a.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used here as a noun meaning 'arrows'.

त्वरन् (tvaran) - hurrying, quickly

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarat

tvarat - hurrying, swift, quick

Present Active Participle

From root tvar (to hurry), present active participle, nominative singular masculine.

Root: tvar (class 1)

प्राच्छादयत् (prācchādayat) - covered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of pracchād

Imperfect Active

From root chād (to cover), causative, with prefix pra. Imperfect 3rd person singular.

Prefix: pra

Root: chad (class 10)

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Root: baṇ (class 1)

शलभानाम् (śalabhānām) - of locusts

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śalabha

śalabha - locust, grasshopper

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Used for comparison.

व्रजैः (vrajaiḥ) - with swarms, with multitudes

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vraja

vraja - herd, flock, swarm, multitude, movement

From root vraj (to go).

Root: vraj (class 1)

Note: Used here in comparison to the quantity of arrows.