महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-88, verse-18

निवार्य तु रणे द्रोणो युयुधानं महारथम् ।
विव्याध निशितैर्बाणैः पञ्चभिर्मर्मभेदिभिः ॥१८॥

18. nivārya tu raṇe droṇo yuyudhānaṁ mahāratham ,
vivyādha niśitairbāṇaiḥ pañcabhirmarmabhedibhiḥ.

18. nivārya tu raṇe droṇaḥ yuyudhānaṃ mahāratham
vivyādha niśitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ pañcabhiḥ marmabhedibhiḥ

18. droṇaḥ tu raṇe mahāratham yuyudhānaṃ nivārya
pañcabhiḥ marmabhedibhiḥ niśitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ vivyādha

18. Drona, having restrained the great charioteer Yuyudhana in battle, pierced him with five sharp arrows that could penetrate vital spots.

Words meanings summery:

• निवार्य (nivārya) - having checked (having restrained, having checked, having warded off)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war, on the battlefield)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (Drona (a proper name))

• युयुधानं (yuyudhānaṁ) - Yuyudhana (Yuyudhana (a proper name))

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - great charioteer (great charioteer, great warrior)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (pierced, struck, hit)

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - sharp (sharp, sharpened, keen)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

• पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - by five

• मर्मभेदिभिः (marmabhedibhiḥ) - by those that could penetrate vital spots (by those piercing vital spots, by those penetrating vulnerable points)

Words meanings and morphology

निवार्य (nivārya) - having checked (having restrained, having checked, having warded off)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from prefix ni + root vṛ + suffix -ya (absolutive)

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛ (class 5)

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war, on the battlefield)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

Root: raṇ (class 1)

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (Drona (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of a teacher of the Pandavas and Kauravas)

युयुधानं (yuyudhānaṁ) - Yuyudhana (Yuyudhana (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yuyudhāna

yuyudhāna - Yuyudhana (another name for Satyaki, a Yadava warrior)

Root: yudh (class 4)

महारथम् (mahāratham) - great charioteer (great charioteer, great warrior)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great charioteer, a great warrior, a hero

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rath (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Yuyudhana.

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (pierced, struck, hit)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vyadh

Perfect tense (Lit)

Reduplicated perfect form of root vyadh

Root: vyadh (class 4)

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - sharp (sharp, sharpened, keen)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharp, sharpened, keen

Past Passive Participle

From prefix ni + root śo (to sharpen) + kta (past participle suffix)

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'bāṇaiḥ'.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - by five

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'bāṇaiḥ'.

मर्मभेदिभिः (marmabhedibhiḥ) - by those that could penetrate vital spots (by those piercing vital spots, by those penetrating vulnerable points)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of marmabhedin

marmabhedin - piercing vital parts/spots, penetrating vulnerable points

Agent noun/adjective

Compound of marman (vital spot) and bhedin (piercing agent, from root bhid + ṇini)

Compound type : tatpurusha (marman+bhedin)

• marman – vital spot, vulnerable point
  noun (neuter)
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• bhedin – piercing, breaking, cleaving (agent noun)
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root bhid + suffix ṇini
  Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'bāṇaiḥ'.