महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-88, verse-28

संजय उवाच ।
एतावदुक्त्वा शैनेय आचार्यं परिवर्जयन् ।
प्रयातः सहसा राजन्सारथिं चेदमब्रवीत् ॥२८॥

28. saṁjaya uvāca ,
etāvaduktvā śaineya ācāryaṁ parivarjayan ,
prayātaḥ sahasā rājansārathiṁ cedamabravīt.

28. Saṃjayaḥ uvāca | etāvat uktvā Śaineyaḥ ācāryam parivarjayan
| prayātaḥ sahasā rājan sārathim ca idam abravīt

28. Saṃjayaḥ uvāca rājan,
Śaineyaḥ etāvat uktvā,
ācāryam parivarjayan,
sahasā prayātaḥ ca idam sārathim abravīt

28. Saṃjaya said: Having spoken thus, Sātyaki, the descendant of Śini, avoiding his preceptor (Droṇa), swiftly departed, O King, and spoke this to his charioteer.

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• एतावत् (etāvat) - this much, so much

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• शैनेयः (śaineyaḥ) - the descendant of Śini (Satyaki)

• आचार्यम् (ācāryam) - Refers to Droṇa (preceptor, teacher)

• परिवर्जयन् (parivarjayan) - avoiding, leaving aside

• प्रयातः (prayātaḥ) - departed, gone forth

• सहसा (sahasā) - swiftly, suddenly, forcibly

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

• सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

• च (ca) - and

• इदम् (idam) - this

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Saṃjaya

Saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper name)

Note: Subject of uvāca

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Perfect active indicative, 3rd person singular

एतावत् (etāvat) - this much, so much

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Derived from root vac (class 2) + ktvā pratyaya

Root: vac (class 2)

शैनेयः (śaineyaḥ) - the descendant of Śini (Satyaki)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Śaineya

Śaineya - descendant of Śini (Satyaki)

Patronymic from Śini

Note: Refers to Satyaki

आचार्यम् (ācāryam) - Refers to Droṇa (preceptor, teacher)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - preceptor, teacher

Note: Object of parivarjayan, refers to Droṇa

परिवर्जयन् (parivarjayan) - avoiding, leaving aside

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivarjayant

parivarjayant - avoiding, giving up, abandoning

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vṛj + pari (prefix) + śatṛ pratyaya

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Modifies Śaineyaḥ

प्रयातः (prayātaḥ) - departed, gone forth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prayāta

prayāta - departed, gone forth, started

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yā + pra (prefix) + kta pratyaya

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Used here as a finite verb in a narrative context, implying 'he departed'

सहसा (sahasā) - swiftly, suddenly, forcibly

(indeclinable)

Instrumental of sahas, used adverbially

Note: Adverb

राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra

सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer

Note: Object of abravīt

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, that

Note: Object of abravīt

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular