महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-88, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
प्रयाते तव सैन्यं तु युयुधाने युयुत्सया ।
धर्मराजो महाराज स्वेनानीकेन संवृतः ।
प्रायाद्द्रोणरथप्रेप्सुर्युयुधानस्य पृष्ठतः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
prayāte tava sainyaṁ tu yuyudhāne yuyutsayā ,
dharmarājo mahārāja svenānīkena saṁvṛtaḥ ,
prāyāddroṇarathaprepsuryuyudhānasya pṛṣṭhataḥ.

1. sañjaya uvāca prayāte tava sainyam tu
yuyudhāne yuyutsayā dharmarājaḥ mahārāja
svena anīkena saṃvṛtaḥ prāyāt
droṇarathaprepsuḥ yuyudhānasya pṛṣṭhataḥ

1. saṃjaya uvāca: mahārāja,
yuyudhāne yuyutsayā tava sainyam prayāte tu,
dharmarājaḥ svena anīkena saṃvṛtaḥ,
droṇarathaprepsuḥ [san],
yuyudhānasya pṛṣṭhataḥ prāyāt.

1. Saṃjaya said: O great king, when Yuyudhāna (Satyakī) had entered your army with a desire to fight, Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of natural law (dharma), surrounded by his own army, proceeded behind Yuyudhāna, desiring to reach Droṇa's chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Saṃjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• प्रयाते (prayāte) - when Yuyudhāna (Satyakī) had entered (when he had gone forth, on his having proceeded)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• युयुधाने (yuyudhāne) - when Yuyudhāna (Satyakī) had gone forth (into your army) (in Yuyudhāna, to Yuyudhāna (Satyakī))

• युयुत्सया (yuyutsayā) - with a desire to fight

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of natural law (dharma) (Dharmaraja, the king of natural law (dharma))

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (great king)

• स्वेन (svena) - by his own

• अनीकेन (anīkena) - by army, by host

• संवृतः (saṁvṛtaḥ) - surrounded, covered

• प्रायात् (prāyāt) - he proceeded, he went forth

• द्रोणरथप्रेप्सुः (droṇarathaprepsuḥ) - desiring to reach Droṇa's chariot

• युयुधानस्य (yuyudhānasya) - of Yuyudhāna (Satyakī)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - behind, from behind

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Saṃjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Saṃjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect

perfect 3rd person singular, parasmaipada of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रयाते (prayāte) - when Yuyudhāna (Satyakī) had entered (when he had gone forth, on his having proceeded)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of prayāta

prayāta - gone forth, set out, departed, proceeded

past passive participle

Derived from root yā (to go) with prefix pra-, and suffix -kta

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military force

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

युयुधाने (yuyudhāne) - when Yuyudhāna (Satyakī) had gone forth (into your army) (in Yuyudhāna, to Yuyudhāna (Satyakī))

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yuyudhāna

yuyudhāna - Yuyudhāna (an epithet for Satyakī, Kṛṣṇa's charioteer)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'prayāte'

युयुत्सया (yuyutsayā) - with a desire to fight

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yuyutsā

yuyutsā - desire to fight, bellicosity

desiderative noun

Derived from desiderative stem of root yudh (to fight) with suffix -ā

Root: yudh (class 4)

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of natural law (dharma) (Dharmaraja, the king of natural law (dharma))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of natural law (dharma), king of righteousness, a title for Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

स्वेन (svena) - by his own

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sva

sva - own, self

अनीकेन (anīkena) - by army, by host

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of anīka

anīka - army, host, array, face, front

संवृतः (saṁvṛtaḥ) - surrounded, covered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvṛta

saṁvṛta - surrounded, covered, enclosed, restrained

past passive participle

Derived from root vṛ (to cover, surround) with prefix sam-, and suffix -kta

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛ (class 5)

प्रायात् (prāyāt) - he proceeded, he went forth

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prāyāt

imperfect

imperfect 3rd person singular, parasmaipada of root yā with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

द्रोणरथप्रेप्सुः (droṇarathaprepsuḥ) - desiring to reach Droṇa's chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇarathaprepsu

droṇarathaprepsu - desirous of obtaining/reaching Droṇa's chariot

desiderative noun/adjective

Compound of Droṇa-ratha (Droṇa's chariot) and prepsu (desiring to obtain/reach, from pra-āp-san-u)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇaratha+prepsu)

• droṇa – Droṇa (name of a warrior and teacher)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• prepsu – desiring to obtain, wishing to reach
  adjective (masculine)
  desiderative noun/adjective
  Derived from desiderative stem of root āp (to obtain) with prefix pra-
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

युयुधानस्य (yuyudhānasya) - of Yuyudhāna (Satyakī)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yuyudhāna

yuyudhāna - Yuyudhāna (an epithet for Satyakī, Kṛṣṇa's charioteer)

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - behind, from behind

(indeclinable)