महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-166, verse-49

एते प्रशमने योगा महास्त्रस्य परंतप ।
सर्वथा पीडितो हि स्यादवध्यान्पीडयन्रणे ॥४९॥

49. ete praśamane yogā mahāstrasya paraṁtapa ,
sarvathā pīḍito hi syādavadhyānpīḍayanraṇe.

49. ete praśamane yogāḥ mahāstrasya paraṃtapa
sarvathā pīḍitaḥ hi syāt avadhyān pīḍayan raṇe

49. paraṃtapa ete mahāstrasya praśamane yogāḥ hi
raṇe avadhyān pīḍayan sarvathā pīḍitaḥ syāt

49. O scorcher of foes (paraṃtapa), these are the methods (yoga) for the cessation of the great weapon (mahāstra). For one who torments the inviolable (persons) in battle would indeed be utterly tormented himself.

Words meanings summery:

• एते (ete) - these

• प्रशमने (praśamane) - for the cessation (of the weapon's effects) (for the pacification, for the cessation)

• योगाः (yogāḥ) - methods (yoga) (methods, applications, spiritual disciplines)

• महास्त्रस्य (mahāstrasya) - of the great weapon

• परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O scorcher of foes (paraṃtapa) (O scorcher of foes, O tormentor of enemies)

• सर्वथा (sarvathā) - in every way, entirely, by all means

• पीडितः (pīḍitaḥ) - tormented, distressed, afflicted

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• स्यात् (syāt) - would be, should be

• अवध्यान् (avadhyān) - the inviolable ones, those who should not be killed

• पीडयन् (pīḍayan) - oppressing, tormenting, distressing

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in conflict

Words meanings and morphology

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etas

etas - this, that

Note: Refers to `yogāḥ`.

प्रशमने (praśamane) - for the cessation (of the weapon's effects) (for the pacification, for the cessation)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of praśamana

praśamana - pacification, alleviation, cessation, calming

Derived from root 'śam' (to be calm) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Indicates purpose.

योगाः (yogāḥ) - methods (yoga) (methods, applications, spiritual disciplines)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yoga

yoga - union, conjunction, application, effort, method, spiritual discipline (yoga)

From root 'yuj' (to join, connect).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Subject of the sentence (implied verb 'are').

महास्त्रस्य (mahāstrasya) - of the great weapon

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of mahāstra

mahāstra - great weapon, powerful missile

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+astra)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'as' (to throw, cast).
  Root: as (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `praśamane`.

परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O scorcher of foes (paraṃtapa) (O scorcher of foes, O tormentor of enemies)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - scorcher of foes, tormentor of enemies

Compound 'paraṃ-tapa' from 'para' (enemy) and 'tapa' (burning, tormenting).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy
  adjective (masculine)
• tapa – burning, tormenting, causing pain
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'tap' (to heat, torment).
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: An epithet used to address the listener.

सर्वथा (sarvathā) - in every way, entirely, by all means

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'sarva' (all) with suffix '-thā'.

Note: Modifies `pīḍitaḥ syāt`.

पीडितः (pīḍitaḥ) - tormented, distressed, afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīḍita

pīḍita - tormented, distressed, oppressed, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'pīḍ' (to oppress, torment) with suffix '-ta'.

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Predicate adjective to the implied subject (the one oppressing).

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Causal particle, 'for'.

स्यात् (syāt) - would be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Subject is `pīḍayan`.

अवध्यान् (avadhyān) - the inviolable ones, those who should not be killed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of avadhya

avadhya - not to be killed, inviolable, immune from death

Gerundive

Derived from root 'vadh' (to kill) with negative prefix 'a-' and suffix '-ya' (kṛtya).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vadhya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vadhya – to be killed, killable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root 'vadh' with suffix '-ya'.
  Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Object of `pīḍayan`.

पीडयन् (pīḍayan) - oppressing, tormenting, distressing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīḍayant

pīḍayant - oppressing, tormenting, distressing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'pīḍ' (to oppress, torment) with suffix '-śatṛ'.

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: This participle acts as the subject of the clause.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict, joy, sound

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Specifies the location of the action.