महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-166, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
अधर्मेण हतं श्रुत्वा धृष्टद्युम्नेन संजय ।
ब्राह्मणं पितरं वृद्धमश्वत्थामा किमब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
adharmeṇa hataṁ śrutvā dhṛṣṭadyumnena saṁjaya ,
brāhmaṇaṁ pitaraṁ vṛddhamaśvatthāmā kimabravīt.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca adharmeṇa hatam śrutvā dhṛṣṭadyumnena
saṃjaya brāhmaṇam pitaram vṛddham aśvatthāmā kim abravīt

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca: saṃjaya,
dhṛṣṭadyumnena adharmeṇa vṛddham brāhmaṇam pitaram hatam śrutvā aśvatthāmā kim abravīt?

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: Sañjaya, having heard that the old Brahmin, his father, was killed by Dhṛṣṭadyumna through unrighteousness (adharma), what did Aśvatthāmā say?

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, by injustice, by violation of natural law

• हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain, destroyed

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• धृष्टद्युम्नेन (dhṛṣṭadyumnena) - by Dhṛṣṭadyumna

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya

• ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

• पितरम् (pitaram) - father

• वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - old, aged, grown

• अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Aśvatthāmā (name of Droṇa's son)

• किम् (kim) - what?

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind Kuru king)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice. Root 'vac' (2nd class).

Root: vac (class 2)

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, by injustice, by violation of natural law

(compound noun)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain, destroyed

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'śru' (5th class).

Root: śru (class 5)

धृष्टद्युम्नेन (dhṛṣṭadyumnena) - by Dhṛṣṭadyumna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (name of Draupadi's brother)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya, victory

ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a priest, relating to Brahman

पितरम् (pitaram) - father

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - old, aged, grown

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vṛdh' (to grow, increase).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Aśvatthāmā (name of Droṇa's son)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāmā

aśvatthāmā - Aśvatthāmā (son of Droṇa)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, why?, whether

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular, imperfect tense, active voice. Root 'brū' (2nd class).

Root: brū (class 2)