महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-166, verse-16

संजय उवाच ।
छद्मना निहतं श्रुत्वा पितरं पापकर्मणा ।
बाष्पेणापूर्यत द्रौणी रोषेण च नरर्षभ ॥१६॥

16. saṁjaya uvāca ,
chadmanā nihataṁ śrutvā pitaraṁ pāpakarmaṇā ,
bāṣpeṇāpūryata drauṇī roṣeṇa ca nararṣabha.

16. saṃjaya uvāca chadmanā nihatam śrutvā pitaram
pāpakarmaṇā bāṣpeṇa apūryata drauṇī roṣeṇa ca nararṣabha

16. saṃjaya uvāca he nararṣabha pāpakarmaṇā chadmanā
nihatam pitaram śrutvā drauṇī bāṣpeṇa ca roṣeṇa apūryata

16. Sañjaya said: O best among men (nararṣabha), having heard that his father was slain by deceit by the perpetrator of sinful deeds (karma), Droṇa's son (Drauṇī) was filled with both tears and rage.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• छद्मना (chadmanā) - by deceit, by trickery, by fraud

• निहतम् (nihatam) - killed, slain

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, upon hearing

• पितरम् (pitaram) - his father, Droṇa (father)

• पापकर्मणा (pāpakarmaṇā) - by Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the perpetrator of sinful deeds (karma) (by the perpetrator of sinful deeds, by the wicked one)

• बाष्पेण (bāṣpeṇa) - with tears

• अपूर्यत (apūryata) - was filled, became full

• द्रौणी (drauṇī) - Aśvatthāman (Droṇa's son)

• रोषेण (roṣeṇa) - with rage, with anger

• च (ca) - and

• नरर्षभ (nararṣabha) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (addressed by Sañjaya) (O best among men)

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (charioteer and narrator to Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

छद्मना (chadmanā) - by deceit, by trickery, by fraud

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of chadman

chadman - deceit, trickery, disguise, pretext

निहतम् (nihatam) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, struck down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with pitaram.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, upon hearing

(indeclinable)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Absolutive (Gerund) form.

पितरम् (pitaram) - his father, Droṇa (father)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, parent

पापकर्मणा (pāpakarmaṇā) - by Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the perpetrator of sinful deeds (karma) (by the perpetrator of sinful deeds, by the wicked one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāpakarmaṇ

pāpakarmaṇ - one whose actions (karma) are sinful, perpetrator of evil deeds

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pāpa+karman)

• pāpa – sinful, evil, wicked; sin, evil
  adjective (neuter)
• karman – action, deed, work (karma), fate, ritual
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

बाष्पेण (bāṣpeṇa) - with tears

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bāṣpa

bāṣpa - tears, vapor, steam

अपूर्यत (apūryata) - was filled, became full

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of ā-pūr

Prefix: ā

Root: pṛ (class 9)

Note: Middle voice form also possible for 'to become full'.

द्रौणी (drauṇī) - Aśvatthāman (Droṇa's son)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman)

Derived from Droṇa (father's name)

रोषेण (roṣeṇa) - with rage, with anger

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of roṣa

roṣa - anger, wrath, rage

Root: ruṣ (class 4)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

नरर्षभ (nararṣabha) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (addressed by Sañjaya) (O best among men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - bull among men, best of men, foremost of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, human being, male
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)