महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-166, verse-47

न चैतच्छक्यते ज्ञातुं को न वध्येदिति प्रभो ।
अवध्यमपि हन्याद्धि तस्मान्नैतत्प्रयोजयेत् ॥४७॥

47. na caitacchakyate jñātuṁ ko na vadhyediti prabho ,
avadhyamapi hanyāddhi tasmānnaitatprayojayet.

47. na ca etat śakyate jñātum kaḥ na vadhyet iti prabho
avadhyam api hanyāt hi tasmāt na etat prayojayet

47. prabho ca etat kaḥ na vadhyet iti jñātum na śakyate
hi avadhyam api hanyāt tasmāt etat na prayojayet

47. And, O Lord, it is not possible to know 'who would not be killed' (by this weapon). For it would indeed kill even those who should not be killed. Therefore, one should not employ this (weapon).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• एतत् (etat) - this

• शक्यते (śakyate) - is able, is possible

• ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - to know, to discern

• कः (kaḥ) - who, which

• न (na) - not, no

• वध्येत् (vadhyet) - should be killed, would be killed

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

• प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord, O Master

• अवध्यम् (avadhyam) - one who should not be killed, inviolable

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• हन्यात् (hanyāt) - might kill, would kill

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• न (na) - not, no

• एतत् (etat) - this

• प्रयोजयेत् (prayojayet) - should employ, should use

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this, that

Note: Object of `jñātum`.

शक्यते (śakyate) - is able, is possible

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śak

Derived from passive stem of root 'śak'.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: The subject of `śakyate` is the infinitive phrase `etat jñātum`.

ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - to know, to discern

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Derived from root 'jñā' with suffix '-tum'.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Purpose/object of `śakyate`.

कः (kaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Subject of `vadhyet`.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वध्येत् (vadhyet) - should be killed, would be killed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vadh

Passive optative form of root 'vadh'.

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: The agent is implied (by the weapon).

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Terminates the indirect speech 'who would not be killed'.

प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord, O Master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, sovereign, powerful, able

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Addressed to the recipient of the verse.

अवध्यम् (avadhyam) - one who should not be killed, inviolable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avadhya

avadhya - not to be killed, inviolable, immune from death

Gerundive

Derived from root 'vadh' (to kill) with negative prefix 'a-' and suffix '-ya' (kṛtya).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vadhya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vadhya – to be killed, killable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root 'vadh' with suffix '-ya'.
  Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'one who should not be killed' (implied object).

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes `avadhyam`.

हन्यात् (hanyāt) - might kill, would kill

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of han

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Subject is the implied weapon (astram).

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Causal particle, 'for'.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'therefore'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this, that

Note: Object of `prayojayet`.

प्रयोजयेत् (prayojayet) - should employ, should use

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of prayuj

Root 'yuj' with prefix 'pra'. Causal sense 'to cause to employ'.

Prefix: pra

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Subject is implied (one, the speaker/listener).