महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-166, verse-15

तं नृशंसेन पापेन क्रूरेणात्यल्पदर्शिना ।
श्रुत्वा निहतमाचार्यमश्वत्थामा किमब्रवीत् ॥१५॥

15. taṁ nṛśaṁsena pāpena krūreṇātyalpadarśinā ,
śrutvā nihatamācāryamaśvatthāmā kimabravīt.

15. tam nṛśaṃsena pāpena krūreṇa atyalpadarśinā
śrutvā nihatam ācāryam aśvatthāmā kim abravīt

15. aśvatthāmā nṛśaṃsena pāpena krūreṇa atyalpadarśinā
tam ācāryam nihatam śrutvā kim abravīt

15. What did Aśvatthāman say upon hearing that the preceptor (Droṇa) had been slain by that wicked, cruel, and extremely short-sighted person?

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that wicked person (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (that (one))

• नृशंसेन (nṛśaṁsena) - by the ruthless Dhṛṣṭadyumna (by the cruel, by the wicked)

• पापेन (pāpena) - by the sinful Dhṛṣṭadyumna (by the sinful, by the evil)

• क्रूरेण (krūreṇa) - by the cruel Dhṛṣṭadyumna (by the fierce, by the cruel)

• अत्यल्पदर्शिना (atyalpadarśinā) - by the extremely short-sighted Dhṛṣṭadyumna (by the one with very little insight/foresight, by the short-sighted)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, upon hearing

• निहतम् (nihatam) - killed, slain, struck down

• आचार्यम् (ācāryam) - the preceptor Droṇa (the preceptor, the teacher)

• अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Aśvatthāman

• किम् (kim) - what

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that wicked person (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (that (one))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the implied slayer, Dhṛṣṭadyumna, whose action led to Droṇa's death.

नृशंसेन (nṛśaṁsena) - by the ruthless Dhṛṣṭadyumna (by the cruel, by the wicked)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nṛśaṃsa

nṛśaṁsa - cruel, wicked, atrocious, pitiless

पापेन (pāpena) - by the sinful Dhṛṣṭadyumna (by the sinful, by the evil)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sinful, evil, wicked; sin, evil

क्रूरेण (krūreṇa) - by the cruel Dhṛṣṭadyumna (by the fierce, by the cruel)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of krūra

krūra - cruel, fierce, harsh, dreadful

अत्यल्पदर्शिना (atyalpadarśinā) - by the extremely short-sighted Dhṛṣṭadyumna (by the one with very little insight/foresight, by the short-sighted)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of atyalpadarśin

atyalpadarśin - one who has very little insight or foresight, extremely short-sighted

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ati+alpa+darśin)

• ati – very, exceedingly, intensely
  indeclinable
• alpa – little, small, few, insignificant
  adjective
• darśin – seeing, perceiving, showing, having insight
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root dṛś
  Derived with suffix -in from dṛś (to see)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, upon hearing

(indeclinable)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Absolutive (Gerund) form.

निहतम् (nihatam) - killed, slain, struck down

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, struck down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with ācāryam.

आचार्यम् (ācāryam) - the preceptor Droṇa (the preceptor, the teacher)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - teacher, preceptor, master

अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Aśvatthāman

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - Aśvatthāman (son of Droṇa)

किम् (kim) - what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)