महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-166, verse-21

न्यायवृत्तो वधो यस्तु संग्रामे युध्यतो भवेत् ।
न स दुःखाय भवति तथा दृष्टो हि स द्विजः ॥२१॥

21. nyāyavṛtto vadho yastu saṁgrāme yudhyato bhavet ,
na sa duḥkhāya bhavati tathā dṛṣṭo hi sa dvijaḥ.

21. nyāyavṛttaḥ vadhaḥ yaḥ tu saṃgrāme yudhyataḥ bhavet
na sa duḥkhāya bhavati tathā dṛṣṭaḥ hi sa dvijaḥ

21. tu yaḥ nyāyavṛttaḥ vadhaḥ saṃgrāme yudhyataḥ bhavet
sa duḥkhāya na bhavati hi sa dvijaḥ tathā dṛṣṭaḥ

21. But that death which occurs in battle for one fighting righteously (nyāyavṛtta)—that does not lead to sorrow. Indeed, so has it been seen by the twice-born (dvija).

Words meanings summery:

• न्यायवृत्तः (nyāyavṛttaḥ) - righteous (righteous, just, conforming to (dharma) justice, acting according to right principles)

• वधः (vadhaḥ) - death (of a warrior) (killing, slaying, death)

• यः (yaḥ) - which (who, which, that)

• तु (tu) - but (but, however, indeed)

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

• युध्यतः (yudhyataḥ) - of one fighting (of one fighting, fighting (genitive))

• भवेत् (bhavet) - occurs (may be, should be, occurs)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• स (sa) - that (death) (that, he, it)

• दुःखाय (duḥkhāya) - lead to sorrow (for sorrow, for unhappiness)

• भवति (bhavati) - leads to, results in (is, becomes, exists)

• तथा (tathā) - so (thus, so, in that manner)

• दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - has been seen (seen, observed, perceived)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for (for, indeed, because)

• स (sa) - by him (referring to dvija) (he, that, by him)

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - by the twice-born (sages/Brahmanas) (twice-born, Brahmana, bird, tooth)

Words meanings and morphology

न्यायवृत्तः (nyāyavṛttaḥ) - righteous (righteous, just, conforming to (dharma) justice, acting according to right principles)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nyāyavṛtta

nyāyavṛtta - acting according to justice or right rules, righteous

Compound meaning 'whose conduct (vṛtta) is according to justice (nyāya)'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nyāya+vṛtta)

• nyāya – justice, right, rule, method
  noun (masculine)
• vṛtta – conduct, behavior, act; also past passive participle of vṛt 'to be'
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vṛt' (to be, exist, turn)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vadhaḥ'.

वधः (vadhaḥ) - death (of a warrior) (killing, slaying, death)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaying, death, destruction

From root 'vadh' (to strike, kill)

Root: vadh (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - which (who, which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun

तु (tu) - but (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, combat, war

From prefix 'sam' + root 'grām' (to go, move)

Prefix: sam

Root: grām

युध्यतः (yudhyataḥ) - of one fighting (of one fighting, fighting (genitive))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yudhyat

yudhyat - fighting, combatant

Present Active Participle

From root 'yudh' (to fight), present participle suffix '-at'

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Indicates possession or relation ('death of one fighting').

भवेत् (bhavet) - occurs (may be, should be, occurs)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice, Parasmaipada

From root 'bhū' (to be). Optative expresses possibility or condition.

Root: bhū (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

Note: Negates the verb 'bhavati'.

स (sa) - that (death) (that, he, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative singular

दुःखाय (duḥkhāya) - lead to sorrow (for sorrow, for unhappiness)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, unhappiness, suffering

भवति (bhavati) - leads to, results in (is, becomes, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice, Parasmaipada

From root 'bhū' (to be, exist).

Root: bhū (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - so (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of manner

Note: Modifies 'dṛṣṭaḥ'.

दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - has been seen (seen, observed, perceived)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dṛś' (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The agent of seeing ('dvijaḥ') is in the nominative here as 'sa' and 'dvijaḥ' are subjects, it's a statement of established knowledge.

हि (hi) - indeed, for (for, indeed, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing cause or emphasis

स (sa) - by him (referring to dvija) (he, that, by him)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative singular

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - by the twice-born (sages/Brahmanas) (twice-born, Brahmana, bird, tooth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), a Brahmana, a bird, a tooth

Compound meaning 'twice (dvi) born (ja)'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  indeclinable
  Numerical prefix
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'jan' (to be born) + suffix '-a'
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agent in a passive construction ('seen by dvija').