महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-166, verse-19

पिता मम यथा क्षुद्रैर्न्यस्तशस्त्रो निपातितः ।
धर्मध्वजवता पापं कृतं तद्विदितं मम ।
अनार्यं सुनृशंसस्य धर्मपुत्रस्य मे श्रुतम् ॥१९॥

19. pitā mama yathā kṣudrairnyastaśastro nipātitaḥ ,
dharmadhvajavatā pāpaṁ kṛtaṁ tadviditaṁ mama ,
anāryaṁ sunṛśaṁsasya dharmaputrasya me śrutam.

19. pitā mama yathā kṣudraiḥ nyastaśastraḥ
nipātitaḥ dharmadhvajavatā pāpam
kṛtam tat viditam mama anāryam
sunṛśaṃsasya dharmaputrasya me śrutam

19. yathā mama pitā nyastaśastraḥ kṣudraiḥ nipātitaḥ,
dharmadhvajavatā pāpam kṛtam,
tat mama viditam anāryam sunṛśaṃsasya dharmaputrasya me śrutam

19. Just as my revered elder, having laid down his weapons, was struck down by contemptible individuals—that sin was committed by one who merely waves the banner of (dharma) righteousness, and I know this. I have heard of the ignoble acts of the extremely cruel son of (dharma) righteousness.

Words meanings summery:

• पिता (pitā) - revered elder (like Drona) (father, protector, venerable elder)

• मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, how)

• क्षुद्रैः (kṣudraiḥ) - by contemptible individuals (by mean people, by low individuals, by contemptible ones)

• न्यस्तशस्त्रः (nyastaśastraḥ) - having laid down his weapons (one who has laid down weapons, disarmed)

• निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - struck down (struck down, killed, caused to fall)

• धर्मध्वजवता (dharmadhvajavatā) - by one who merely waves the banner of (dharma) righteousness (implying hypocrisy) (by one possessing the banner of (dharma) righteousness, by one having a flag of righteousness)

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil deed (sin, evil deed, wickedness)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - committed (done, performed, made)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the sin) (that, this)

• विदितम् (viditam) - known (known, understood)

• मम (mama) - to me (known to me) (by me, to me)

• अनार्यम् (anāryam) - ignoble acts (ignoble, wicked, un-noble)

• सुनृशंसस्य (sunṛśaṁsasya) - of the extremely cruel one (of the very cruel, of the extremely merciless)

• धर्मपुत्रस्य (dharmaputrasya) - of the son of (dharma) righteousness (Yudhishthira) (of the son of (dharma) righteousness/justice)

• मे (me) - by me (I have heard) (by me, to me)

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard (heard, listened to)

Words meanings and morphology

पिता (pitā) - revered elder (like Drona) (father, protector, venerable elder)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, protector, ancestor

Note: Refers to a respected elder or teacher, implicitly Drona.

मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Pronoun of the first person

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, how)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb

Note: Introduces a simile or comparison.

क्षुद्रैः (kṣudraiḥ) - by contemptible individuals (by mean people, by low individuals, by contemptible ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kṣudra

kṣudra - small, mean, low, contemptible, wicked

Note: Refers to the perpetrators of the act.

न्यस्तशस्त्रः (nyastaśastraḥ) - having laid down his weapons (one who has laid down weapons, disarmed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nyastaśastra

nyastaśastra - one who has laid down weapons, disarmed

Compound formed from 'nyasta' (laid down) and 'śastra' (weapon).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nyasta+śastra)

• nyasta – laid down, placed, thrown
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix 'ni' + root 'as' (to throw)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: as (class 4)
• śastra – weapon, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'śas' (to kill, cut)
  Root: śas (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'pitā'.

निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - struck down (struck down, killed, caused to fall)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nipātita

nipātita - struck down, killed, caused to fall

Past Passive Participle (causative)

From prefix 'ni' + root 'pat' (to fall) + causative suffix '-i' + past passive participle suffix '-ta'

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Predicates the action on 'pitā'.

धर्मध्वजवता (dharmadhvajavatā) - by one who merely waves the banner of (dharma) righteousness (implying hypocrisy) (by one possessing the banner of (dharma) righteousness, by one having a flag of righteousness)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmadhvajavat

dharmadhvajavat - having a banner of (dharma) righteousness

Possessive suffix '-vat' added to 'dharmadhvaja'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+dhvaja+vat)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard, emblem
  noun (masculine)
• vat – possessing, having, like
  suffix
  Possessive suffix

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira, ironically implying hypocrisy.

पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil deed (sin, evil deed, wickedness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil deed, wickedness, bad

Note: Subject of 'kṛtam' in passive construction.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - committed (done, performed, made)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: It functions as a predicate here.

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the sin) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

विदितम् (viditam) - known (known, understood)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vidita

vidita - known, understood

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vid' (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Used predicatively with 'mama'.

मम (mama) - to me (known to me) (by me, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Pronoun of the first person

Note: Acts as the agent for 'viditam' (known by me).

अनार्यम् (anāryam) - ignoble acts (ignoble, wicked, un-noble)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anārya

anārya - ignoble, un-Aryan, wicked, base

Negative prefix 'an-' + 'ārya' (noble).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ārya)

• a – not, un-
  prefix
  Negative prefix
• ārya – noble, respectable, Aryan
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Appears to be the implied object of 'śrutam'.

सुनृशंसस्य (sunṛśaṁsasya) - of the extremely cruel one (of the very cruel, of the extremely merciless)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sunṛśaṃsa

sunṛśaṁsa - very cruel, extremely merciless

Intensifying prefix 'su-' + 'nṛśaṃsa' (cruel).

Compound type : pravādi-compound (su+nṛśaṃsa)

• su – good, very, well
  prefix
  Intensifying prefix
• nṛśaṃsa – cruel, savage, merciless
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'dharmaputrasya'.

धर्मपुत्रस्य (dharmaputrasya) - of the son of (dharma) righteousness (Yudhishthira) (of the son of (dharma) righteousness/justice)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharmaputra

dharmaputra - son of (dharma) righteousness, an epithet of Yudhishthira

Compound meaning 'son (putra) of (dharma)'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+putra)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira.

मे (me) - by me (I have heard) (by me, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Enclitic pronominal form of 'asmad', variant of 'mama'

Note: Equivalent to 'mayā' (by me) for a passive construction, or 'mama' (to me).

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard (heard, listened to)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, revealed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śru' (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Predicates the action.