महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-166, verse-13

तमधर्मेण धर्मिष्ठं धृष्टद्युम्नेन संयुगे ।
श्रुत्वा निहतमाचार्यमश्वत्थामा किमब्रवीत् ॥१३॥

13. tamadharmeṇa dharmiṣṭhaṁ dhṛṣṭadyumnena saṁyuge ,
śrutvā nihatamācāryamaśvatthāmā kimabravīt.

13. tam adharmeṇa dharmiṣṭham dhṛṣṭadyumnena saṃyuge
śrutvā nihatam ācāryam aśvatthāmā kim abravīt

13. adharmeṇa dhṛṣṭadyumnena saṃyuge dharmiṣṭham tam
ācāryam nihatam śrutvā aśvatthāmā kim abravīt?

13. Having heard that his preceptor (Ācārya) (Droṇa), who was most steadfast in natural law (dharma), was unrighteously killed in battle by Dhṛṣṭadyumna, what did Aśvatthāmā say?

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, unjustly, unfairly

• धर्मिष्ठम् (dharmiṣṭham) - most righteous, most devoted to (dharma), most virtuous

• धृष्टद्युम्नेन (dhṛṣṭadyumnena) - by Dhṛṣṭadyumna

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• निहतम् (nihatam) - killed, slain, struck down

• आचार्यम् (ācāryam) - Droṇa (the preceptor, teacher, (guru))

• अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Aśvatthāmā (name of Droṇa's son)

• किम् (kim) - what?

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, unjustly, unfairly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong, evil (dharma - natural law)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

धर्मिष्ठम् (dharmiṣṭham) - most righteous, most devoted to (dharma), most virtuous

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmiṣṭha

dharmiṣṭha - most righteous, most devoted to natural law (dharma)

धृष्टद्युम्नेन (dhṛṣṭadyumnena) - by Dhṛṣṭadyumna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (name of a prince, commander of Pāṇḍava army)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, conflict

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root: śru (class 5)

निहतम् (nihatam) - killed, slain, struck down

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, struck down

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

आचार्यम् (ācāryam) - Droṇa (the preceptor, teacher, (guru))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - preceptor, teacher, spiritual guide (guru)

अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Aśvatthāmā (name of Droṇa's son)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - Aśvatthāman (Droṇa's son)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, who?, which?

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)