महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-166, verse-30

यदर्थं पुरुषव्याघ्र पुत्रमिच्छन्ति मानवाः ।
प्रेत्य चेह च संप्राप्तं त्राणाय महतो भयात् ॥३०॥

30. yadarthaṁ puruṣavyāghra putramicchanti mānavāḥ ,
pretya ceha ca saṁprāptaṁ trāṇāya mahato bhayāt.

30. yat arthaṃ puruṣavyāghra putram icchanti mānavāḥ
pretya ca iha ca saṃprāptam trāṇāya mahataḥ bhayāt

30. puruṣavyāghra mānavāḥ yad arthaṃ putram icchanti,
[saḥ putraḥ] iha ca pretya ca mahataḥ bhayāt trāṇāya saṃprāptam

30. O tiger among men, humans desire a son for the purpose of being protected from great fear, both in this world and after death.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• अर्थं (arthaṁ) - purpose, object, meaning

• पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men, O best of men

• पुत्रम् (putram) - a son

• इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - they desire, they wish

• मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans, men

• प्रेत्य (pretya) - having died, after death

• च (ca) - and

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• च (ca) - and

• संप्राप्तम् (saṁprāptam) - attained, obtained, reached

• त्राणाय (trāṇāya) - for protection, for rescue

• महतः (mahataḥ) - from great, from large

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, from danger

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Serves as the relative pronoun for 'arthaṃ'

अर्थं (arthaṁ) - purpose, object, meaning

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, object, meaning, wealth

Note: Used adverbially with 'yat' to mean 'for which purpose'

पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men, O best of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, best of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, person, human being, the Supreme Cosmic Person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

पुत्रम् (putram) - a son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - they desire, they wish

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mānava

mānava - human, man, descendant of Manu

प्रेत्य (pretya) - having died, after death

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed from 'pra' + root 'i' (to go) + 'lyaP' suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: i

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

संप्राप्तम् (saṁprāptam) - attained, obtained, reached

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃprāpta

saṁprāpta - attained, obtained, reached

Past Passive Participle

Formed from 'sam' + 'pra' + root 'āp' (to obtain) + 'kta' suffix

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp

Note: Agrees with 'putram'

त्राणाय (trāṇāya) - for protection, for rescue

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of trāṇa

trāṇa - protection, rescue, refuge

महतः (mahataḥ) - from great, from large

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast

Note: Agrees with 'bhayāt'

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, from danger

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, danger, apprehension