महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-58, verse-8

धृष्टद्युम्नस्तु शल्येन पीडितो नवभिः शरैः ।
पीडयामास संक्रुद्धो मद्राधिपतिमायसैः ॥८॥

8. dhṛṣṭadyumnastu śalyena pīḍito navabhiḥ śaraiḥ ,
pīḍayāmāsa saṁkruddho madrādhipatimāyasaiḥ.

8. dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ tu śalyena pīḍitaḥ navabhiḥ śaraiḥ
pīḍayāmāsa saṃkruddhaḥ madrādhipatim āyasaiḥ

8. tu śalyena navabhiḥ śaraiḥ pīḍitaḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ
saṃkruddhaḥ [san] madrādhipatim āyasaiḥ pīḍayāmāsa

8. However, Dhṛṣṭadyumna, having been afflicted by Śalya with nine arrows, became greatly enraged and afflicted the lord of the Madras (Śalya) with iron arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (name)

• तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

• शल्येन (śalyena) - by Śalya (name)

• पीडितः (pīḍitaḥ) - tormented, afflicted, wounded

• नवभिः (navabhiḥ) - by nine

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows, by arrows

• पीडयामास (pīḍayāmāsa) - he tormented, he afflicted

• संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged, very angry

• मद्राधिपतिम् (madrādhipatim) - Śalya, the king of Madra (the lord of the Madras)

• आयसैः (āyasaiḥ) - with iron (arrows), made of iron

Words meanings and morphology

धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (commander-in-chief of the Pāṇḍava army)

Note: Subject of 'pīḍayāmāsa'.

तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

शल्येन (śalyena) - by Śalya (name)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Śalya (King of Madra, Kṛṣṇa's uncle, charioteer of Karṇa)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'pīḍitaḥ'.

पीडितः (pīḍitaḥ) - tormented, afflicted, wounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīḍita

pīḍita - tormented, afflicted, oppressed, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pīḍ (to torment, afflict).

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Modifies Dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ.

नवभिः (navabhiḥ) - by nine

(numeral)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows, by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Note: Instrument for 'pīḍitaḥ'.

पीडयामास (pīḍayāmāsa) - he tormented, he afflicted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pīḍ

Periphrastic Perfect

Periphrastic perfect of root pīḍ (class 10), formed with -āyāmāsa.

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Formed with the periphrastic perfect auxiliary `āmāsa`.

संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged, very angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - greatly enraged, very angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root krudh (to be angry) with prefix saṃ (intensifying).

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies Dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ.

मद्राधिपतिम् (madrādhipatim) - Śalya, the king of Madra (the lord of the Madras)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madrādhipati

madrādhipati - lord of the Madras, king of Madra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+adhipati)

• madra – Madra (name of a country)
  proper noun (neuter)
• adhipati – ruler, lord, chief
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi

Note: Object of 'pīḍayāmāsa'.

आयसैः (āyasaiḥ) - with iron (arrows), made of iron

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āyasa

āyasa - made of iron, iron

Derived from ayas (iron).

Note: Qualifies implied 'arrows' as the instrument of 'pīḍayāmāsa'.