महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-58, verse-56

व्यायच्छमानं गदया दिक्षु सर्वासु भारत ।
नृत्यमानमपश्याम नृत्यन्तमिव शंकरम् ॥५६॥

56. vyāyacchamānaṁ gadayā dikṣu sarvāsu bhārata ,
nṛtyamānamapaśyāma nṛtyantamiva śaṁkaram.

56. vyāyacchamānam gadayā dikṣu sarvāsu bhārata
nṛtyamānam apaśyāma nṛtyantam iva śaṅkaram

56. bhārata dikṣu sarvāsu gadayā vyāyacchamānam
nṛtyamānam śaṅkaram iva nṛtyantam apaśyāma

56. O Bhārata (Dhṛtarāṣṭra), we saw him exerting himself with his mace in all directions, dancing as if he were Śaṅkara dancing.

Words meanings summery:

• व्यायच्छमानम् (vyāyacchamānam) - exerting himself, struggling, fighting

• गदया (gadayā) - with the mace, by means of the mace

• दिक्षु (dikṣu) - in the directions, in the quarters

• सर्वासु (sarvāsu) - in all

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhritarashtra (O descendant of Bharata (O Dhritarashtra))

• नृत्यमानम् (nṛtyamānam) - dancing

• अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we saw

• नृत्यन्तम् (nṛtyantam) - dancing

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• शङ्करम् (śaṅkaram) - Lord Shiva (Shankara (an epithet of Shiva))

Words meanings and morphology

व्यायच्छमानम् (vyāyacchamānam) - exerting himself, struggling, fighting

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyāyacchamāna

vyāyacchamāna - exerting oneself, struggling, fighting

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root `yam` (to restrain, exert) with prefixes `vi-ā-` and middle suffix `śānac`.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied object (him, i.e., Bhimasena).

गदया (gadayā) - with the mace, by means of the mace

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

Root: gad (class 1)

दिक्षु (dikṣu) - in the directions, in the quarters

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

Root noun.

Root: diś (class 6)

सर्वासु (sarvāsu) - in all

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Universal pronoun.

भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhritarashtra (O descendant of Bharata (O Dhritarashtra))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, pertaining to Bharata, O Bharata (vocative)

Patronymic or territorial adjective.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

नृत्यमानम् (nṛtyamānam) - dancing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛtyamāna

nṛtyamāna - dancing

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root `nṛt` (to dance) with middle suffix `śānac`.

Root: nṛt (class 4)

Note: Modifies the implied object (him, Bhimasena).

अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we saw

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of paś

Imperfect (Laṅ)

1st person plural active voice of `√dṛś` (which becomes `paś` in present/imperfect forms) with augment `a`.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

नृत्यन्तम् (nṛtyantam) - dancing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛtyat

nṛtyat - dancing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `nṛt` (to dance) with `śatṛ` suffix.

Root: nṛt (class 4)

Note: Modifies `śaṅkaram`.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

शङ्करम् (śaṅkaram) - Lord Shiva (Shankara (an epithet of Shiva))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaṅkara

śaṅkara - causing prosperity, bringing happiness (epithet of Shiva)

Compound of `śaṃ` (happiness, prosperity) and `kara` (maker).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (śaṃ+kara)

• śaṃ – happiness, welfare, prosperity
  indeclinable (neuter)
  Indeclinable particle used as a noun in composition.
  Root: śam (class 4)
• kara – making, causing, doer, hand
  noun (masculine)
  From `√kṛ` (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)