महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-58, verse-54

तं हि वीरं महेष्वासाः सौभद्रप्रमुखा रथाः ।
पर्यरक्षन्त युध्यन्तं वज्रायुधमिवामराः ॥५४॥

54. taṁ hi vīraṁ maheṣvāsāḥ saubhadrapramukhā rathāḥ ,
paryarakṣanta yudhyantaṁ vajrāyudhamivāmarāḥ.

54. tam hi vīram maheṣvāsāḥ saubhadrapramukhāḥ rathāḥ
paryarakṣanta yudhyantam vajrāyudham iva amarāḥ

54. hi saubhadrapramukhāḥ maheṣvāsāḥ rathāḥ yudhyantam
tam vīram amarāḥ vajrāyudham iva paryarakṣanta

54. Indeed, the charioteers, with Saubhadra (Abhimanyu) foremost among them and being great archers, protected that hero as the gods protect the wielder of the thunderbolt (Indra) while he is fighting.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because

• वीरम् (vīram) - hero, valiant one

• महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - great archers

• सौभद्रप्रमुखाः (saubhadrapramukhāḥ) - with Saubhadra (Abhimanyu) as chief/foremost

• रथाः (rathāḥ) - charioteers, chariot-warriors

• पर्यरक्षन्त (paryarakṣanta) - they protected all around, they guarded

• युध्यन्तम् (yudhyantam) - fighting, struggling

• वज्रायुधम् (vajrāyudham) - wielder of the thunderbolt (Indra)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अमराः (amarāḥ) - gods, immortals

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because

(indeclinable)

वीरम् (vīram) - hero, valiant one

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, valiant, powerful

महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - great archers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - great archer

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+īṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• īṣvāsa – archer, bowman
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of `īṣu` (arrow) and `āsa` (thrower, wielder).
  Root: as (class 2)

सौभद्रप्रमुखाः (saubhadrapramukhāḥ) - with Saubhadra (Abhimanyu) as chief/foremost

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saubhadrapramukha

saubhadrapramukha - having Saubhadra as the chief, led by Saubhadra

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saubhadra+pramukha)

• saubhadra – Abhimanyu (son of Subhadra)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Patronymic.
• pramukha – chief, foremost, leader
  noun (masculine)
  `pra` (forth) + `mukha` (face, mouth, chief).
  Prefix: pra

Note: Refers to the charioteers.

रथाः (rathāḥ) - charioteers, chariot-warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car; charioteer, warrior in a chariot

Root: ram (class 1)

पर्यरक्षन्त (paryarakṣanta) - they protected all around, they guarded

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pari-rakṣ

Imperfect (Laṅ)

3rd person plural active voice of `√rakṣ` (to protect) with prefix `pari-`. Augment `a`.

Prefix: pari

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

युध्यन्तम् (yudhyantam) - fighting, struggling

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhyat

yudhyat - fighting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `yudh` (to fight) with `śatṛ` suffix.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies `tam vīram`.

वज्रायुधम् (vajrāyudham) - wielder of the thunderbolt (Indra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vajrāyudha

vajrāyudha - having the thunderbolt as a weapon; wielder of the thunderbolt (epithet of Indra)

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vajra+āyudha)

• vajra – thunderbolt, diamond
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vaj (class 1)
• āyudha – weapon, implement
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of comparison.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अमराः (amarāḥ) - gods, immortals

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of amara

amara - immortal, god

`a` (not) + `mara` (mortal). Negative compound.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mara)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• mara – mortal, dying
  adjective (masculine)
  From `√mṛ` (to die).
  Root: mṛ (class 1)