महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-58, verse-23

दुर्योधनस्तु संक्रुद्धो धृष्टद्युम्नं महारणे ।
विव्याध निशितैर्बाणैश्चतुर्भिस्त्वरितो भृशम् ॥२३॥

23. duryodhanastu saṁkruddho dhṛṣṭadyumnaṁ mahāraṇe ,
vivyādha niśitairbāṇaiścaturbhistvarito bhṛśam.

23. duryodhanaḥ tu saṃkruddhaḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnam mahāraṇe
vivyādha niśitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ caturbhiḥ tvaritaḥ bhṛśam

23. tu duryodhanaḥ saṃkruddhaḥ tvaritaḥ bhṛśam mahāraṇe
dhṛṣṭadyumnam caturbhiḥ niśitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ vivyādha

23. But Duryodhana, greatly enraged, swiftly and mightily struck Dhṛṣṭadyumna in the great battle with four sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper name)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged, furious

• धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (proper name)

• महारणे (mahāraṇe) - in the great battle

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced, he struck, he wounded

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - sharp, keen, sharpened

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

• चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - with four

• त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swift, hastened, quickly

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, mightily, vehemently

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (a proper name, eldest Kaurava prince)

Difficult to fight with/conquer (dur + yodhana).

Prefix: dur

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'vivyādha'.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged, furious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - greatly enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √krudh with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'duryodhanaḥ'.

धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (a proper name, commander of the Pāṇḍava army)

Note: Object of 'vivyādha'.

महारणे (mahāraṇe) - in the great battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāraṇa

mahāraṇa - great battle, mighty war

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+raṇa)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• raṇa – battle, war, combat
  noun (masculine)
  Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Locative of place.

विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced, he struck, he wounded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vi-vyadh

Derived from root √vyadh with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - sharp, keen, sharpened

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharp, keen, whetted, sharpened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √śi with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: śi (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'bāṇaiḥ'.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Note: Instrument of action for 'vivyādha'.

चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - with four

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'bāṇaiḥ'.

त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swift, hastened, quickly

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - hastened, swift, quick, agile

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √tvar

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'duryodhanaḥ', adverbial sense.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, mightily, vehemently

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

Note: Modifies 'vivyādha' and 'tvaritaḥ'.