महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-58, verse-25

तान्प्रत्यविध्यद्राजेन्द्र पार्षतः शत्रुतापनः ।
एकैकं पञ्चविंशत्या दर्शयन्पाणिलाघवम् ॥२५॥

25. tānpratyavidhyadrājendra pārṣataḥ śatrutāpanaḥ ,
ekaikaṁ pañcaviṁśatyā darśayanpāṇilāghavam.

25. tān prati avidyat rājendra pārṣataḥ śatrutāpanaḥ
ekaikam pañcaviṃśatyā darśayan pāṇilāghavam

25. rājendra,
śatrutāpanaḥ pārṣataḥ tān ekaikam pañcaviṃśatyā prati avidyat pāṇilāghavam darśayan.

25. O king, the son of Pṛthā (Arjuna), who tormented his enemies, pierced each one of them with twenty-five arrows, displaying his swiftness of hand.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - them, those

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, each

• अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - pierced, struck

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O best of kings, O chief of kings

• पार्षतः (pārṣataḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā)

• शत्रुतापनः (śatrutāpanaḥ) - tormentor of enemies, scorching enemies

• एकैकम् (ekaikam) - each one, one by one

• पञ्चविंशत्या (pañcaviṁśatyā) - with twenty-five arrows (with twenty-five)

• दर्शयन् (darśayan) - showing, displaying

• पाणिलाघवम् (pāṇilāghavam) - lightness of hand, swiftness of hand, manual dexterity

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - them, those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, each

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as an adverb here, indicating 'each one'.

अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - pierced, struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vidh

Imperfect 3rd singular active

Root vyadh, 4th class. Imperfect active, 3rd person singular.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Root is vyadh.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O best of kings, O chief of kings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, best of kings

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, (name of a deity)
  noun (masculine)

पार्षतः (pārṣataḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārṣata

pārṣata - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī)

A patronymic from Pṛthā.

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

शत्रुतापनः (śatrutāpanaḥ) - tormentor of enemies, scorching enemies

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatrutāpana

śatrutāpana - tormentor of enemies, causing pain to enemies

Compound type : tatpurusha (śatru+tāpana)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• tāpana – tormenting, causing heat/pain
  adjective (masculine)
  From root tap 'to heat, to torment'. Agent noun or adjective.
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Epithet of Arjuna.

एकैकम् (ekaikam) - each one, one by one

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ekaika

ekaika - each one, one by one

Repetition of eka for distributive sense.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+eka)

• eka – one, single
  numeral
• eka – one, single
  numeral

Note: Adverbial accusative, referring to 'each one of them'.

पञ्चविंशत्या (pañcaviṁśatyā) - with twenty-five arrows (with twenty-five)

(numeral)

Compound type : dvandva (pañcan+viṃśati)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• viṃśati – twenty
  numeral (feminine)

Note: Implied "arrows" (śaraiḥ) as the instrument.

दर्शयन् (darśayan) - showing, displaying

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of darśayat

darśayat - showing, displaying

Present Active Participle

From causal of root dṛś 'to see'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पाणिलाघवम् (pāṇilāghavam) - lightness of hand, swiftness of hand, manual dexterity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāṇilāghava

pāṇilāghava - lightness/swiftness of hand, manual dexterity

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāṇi+lāghava)

• pāṇi – hand
  noun (masculine)
• lāghava – lightness, swiftness, agility
  noun (neuter)
  From laghu (light).

Note: Object of `darśayan`.