महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-58, verse-15

ततस्तु तावका राजन्परीप्सन्तोऽऽर्जुनिं रणे ।
मद्रराजरथं तूर्णं परिवार्यावतस्थिरे ॥१५॥

15. tatastu tāvakā rājanparīpsanto''rjuniṁ raṇe ,
madrarājarathaṁ tūrṇaṁ parivāryāvatasthire.

15. tataḥ tu tāvakāḥ rājan parīpsantaḥ ārjunim raṇe
madrarājaratham tūrṇam parivārya avatastire

15. rājan tataḥ tu tāvakāḥ raṇe ārjunim parīpsantaḥ
madrarājaratham tūrṇam parivārya avatastire

15. Then, O King, your warriors, desiring to protect the son of Arjuna (Abhimanyu) in battle, swiftly surrounded the Madra king's chariot and arrayed themselves.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's warriors, i.e., the Kauravas (your people, your warriors)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

• परीप्सन्तः (parīpsantaḥ) - desiring to protect, wishing to save

• आर्जुनिम् (ārjunim) - Abhimanyu, son of Arjuna (son of Arjuna)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• मद्राजरथम् (madrājaratham) - chariot of the Madra king

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded, having encircled

• अवतस्तिरे (avatastire) - stood around, arrayed themselves, took their stand

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's warriors, i.e., the Kauravas (your people, your warriors)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, belonging to you, your men

Derived from 'tava' (your)

राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

परीप्सन्तः (parīpsantaḥ) - desiring to protect, wishing to save

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parīpsant

parīpsant - desiring to protect, wishing to save

Present Active Participle (Desiderative)

From desiderative root īpsa (desiring to obtain) of root āp (to obtain) or pā (to protect), here likely from pā, with prefix pari-

Prefix: pari

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'tāvakāḥ'

आर्जुनिम् (ārjunim) - Abhimanyu, son of Arjuna (son of Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ārjuni

ārjuni - son of Arjuna; Abhimanyu

Patronymic from Arjuna

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war, conflict

Root: raṇ (class 1)

मद्राजरथम् (madrājaratham) - chariot of the Madra king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madrarājaratha

madrarājaratha - chariot of the Madra king

Compound type : tatpurusha (madra+rāja+ratha)

• madra – name of a country and its people
  proper noun (neuter)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of an adjective

परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded, having encircled

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root vṛ (to cover, choose) with prefix pari-

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 9)

अवतस्तिरे (avatastire) - stood around, arrayed themselves, took their stand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past perfect (lit) of avasthā

Perfect (Lit) 3rd person plural

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)