महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-58, verse-60

गदया वध्यमानास्ते मार्गणैश्च समन्ततः ।
स्वान्यनीकानि मृद्नन्तः प्राद्रवन्कुञ्जरास्तव ॥६०॥

60. gadayā vadhyamānāste mārgaṇaiśca samantataḥ ,
svānyanīkāni mṛdnantaḥ prādravankuñjarāstava.

60. gadayā vadhyamānāḥ te mārgaṇaiḥ ca samantataḥ
svāni anīkāni mṛdnantaḥ prādravan kuñjarāḥ tava

60. tava te kuñjarāḥ gadayā ca mārgaṇaiḥ samantataḥ
vadhyamānāḥ svāni anīkāni mṛdnantaḥ prādravan

60. Your elephants, being struck by the mace (gadā) and by arrows (mārgaṇa) from all sides, crushing their own forces, fled.

Words meanings summery:

• गदया (gadayā) - with a mace

• वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being struck (by the mace) (being killed, being struck, being tormented)

• ते (te) - those (elephants) (those, they)

• मार्गणैः (mārgaṇaiḥ) - by arrows (by arrows, by seekers)

• च (ca) - and, also

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, on all sides

• स्वानि (svāni) - their own

• अनीकानि (anīkāni) - their own military divisions (of elephants) (armies, divisions, troops)

• मृद्नन्तः (mṛdnantaḥ) - crushing, trampling, hurting

• प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - they fled, they ran forth

• कुञ्जराः (kuñjarāḥ) - elephants

• तव (tava) - (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) your (your, of you)

Words meanings and morphology

गदया (gadayā) - with a mace

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club, cudgel

Root: gad (class 1)

वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being struck (by the mace) (being killed, being struck, being tormented)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being struck, being slain

Present Passive Participle

Derived from the passive root 'vadhya-' (from 'han', to strike/kill), with the 'śānac' suffix for present passive participle.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing the elephants.

ते (te) - those (elephants) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (pronoun)

मार्गणैः (mārgaṇaiḥ) - by arrows (by arrows, by seekers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mārgaṇa

mārgaṇa - arrow, seeker, inquirer, request

Derived from the root 'mṛg' (to seek, hunt).

Root: mṛg (class 10)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, on all sides

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'samanta' (all-round) with the ablative suffix '-tas'.

स्वानि (svāni) - their own

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sva

sva - one's own, belonging to oneself

अनीकानि (anīkāni) - their own military divisions (of elephants) (armies, divisions, troops)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of anīka

anīka - army, troop, division, host

Note: Object of 'mṛdnantaḥ'.

मृद्नन्तः (mṛdnantaḥ) - crushing, trampling, hurting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mṛdnat

mṛdnat - crushing, trampling, grinding

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root 'mṛd' (to crush, trample, class 9) with the 'śatṛ' suffix for present active participle.

Root: mṛd (class 9)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing the elephants.

प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - they fled, they ran forth

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prādrav

imperfect past tense

Root 'dru' (to run, class 1) with prefix 'pra-' and past tense augment 'a-'. 3rd person plural imperfect active ending '-an'.

Prefixes: pra+a

Root: dru (class 1)

कुञ्जराः (kuñjarāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuñjara

kuñjara - elephant (lit. 'dweller in mountain caves')

Note: Subject of the verb 'prādravan'.

तव (tava) - (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) your (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (personal pronoun)

Genitive singular form of the second person pronoun 'yuṣmad'.