महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-58, verse-48

नदतः सीदतश्चान्यान्विमुखान्समरे गजान् ।
विमूत्रान्भग्नसंविग्नांस्तथा विशकृतोऽपरान् ॥४८॥

48. nadataḥ sīdataścānyānvimukhānsamare gajān ,
vimūtrānbhagnasaṁvignāṁstathā viśakṛto'parān.

48. nadataḥ sīdataḥ ca anyān vimukhān samare gajān
vimūtrān bhagnasaṃvignān tathā viśakṛtaḥ aparān

48. samare nadataḥ sīdataḥ ca anyān vimukhān gajān
vimūtrān bhagnasaṃvignān tathā aparān viśakṛtaḥ

48. We also saw other elephants in the battle, roaring, sinking down, and turning away in flight; some were urinating, others were broken and utterly terrified, and still others were defecating.

Words meanings summery:

• नदतः (nadataḥ) - roaring, trumpeting, crying out

• सीदतः (sīdataḥ) - sinking, collapsing, despairing, distressed

• च (ca) - and

• अन्यान् (anyān) - other, different

• विमुखान् (vimukhān) - turned away, fleeing, averse

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war, on the battlefield

• गजान् (gajān) - elephants

• विमूत्रान् (vimūtrān) - passing urine, having urinated (from fear)

• भग्नसंविग्नान् (bhagnasaṁvignān) - broken and terrified, shattered and agitated

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also, and

• विशकृतः (viśakṛtaḥ) - defecating, having defecated

• अपरान् (aparān) - other, remaining

Words meanings and morphology

नदतः (nadataḥ) - roaring, trumpeting, crying out

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nadat

nad - to roar, to sound, to cry, to trumpet (of elephants)

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `nad` (class 1) with `śatṛ` suffix, masculine accusative plural.

Root: nad (class 1)

सीदतः (sīdataḥ) - sinking, collapsing, despairing, distressed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sīdat

sad - to sit, to sink, to collapse, to despair

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `sad` (class 1) with `śatṛ` suffix, masculine accusative plural.

Root: sad (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Joins `nadataḥ` and `sīdataḥ`.

अन्यान् (anyān) - other, different

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

Indefinite pronoun/adjective.

Note: Modifies `gajān`.

विमुखान् (vimukhān) - turned away, fleeing, averse

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vimukha

vimukha - turned away, averted, fleeing, having the face turned away

Bahuvrihi compound: `vi` (away) + `mukha` (face).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+mukha)

• vi – away, apart, dis-
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating separation or reversal.
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat, conflict

Note: Specifies the location of the elephants' state.

गजान् (gajān) - elephants

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gaja

gaja - elephant

Note: Direct object of the implied verb `apaśyāma` (we saw).

विमूत्रान् (vimūtrān) - passing urine, having urinated (from fear)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vimūtra

vimūtra - passing urine, having discharged urine (especially from fear)

From `vi` (prefix for intensity/apart) + `mūtra` (urine). Implies involuntary urination due to fright.

भग्नसंविग्नान् (bhagnasaṁvignān) - broken and terrified, shattered and agitated

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhagnasaṃvigna

bhagnasaṁvigna - broken and terrified, shattered and agitated

Compound of `bhagna` (broken) and `saṃvigna` (terrified).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bhagna+saṃvigna)

• bhagna – broken, shattered
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `bhañj` (to break) with `kta` suffix.
  Root: bhañj (class 7)
• saṃvigna – terrified, agitated, disturbed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `vij` (to tremble, be agitated) with prefix `sam`, `kta` suffix.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vij (class 6)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also, and

(indeclinable)

Adverb/conjunction.

विशकृतः (viśakṛtaḥ) - defecating, having defecated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viśakṛta

viśakṛta - having defecated, passing dung (from fear)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from `viśakṛt` (defecation) as an adjective, or P.P.P. from `vi-śakṛ` + `kta` or similar formation.

Note: Syntactically irregular in this accusative list; contextually modifies `aparān`.

अपरान् (aparān) - other, remaining

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of apara

apara - other, another, subsequent, inferior

Pronoun/adjective.

Note: Modifies the implied `gajān`, referring to a different group of distressed elephants.