महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-58, verse-59

यथा पशूनां संघातं यष्ट्या पालः प्रकालयेत् ।
तथा भीमो गजानीकं गदया पर्यकालयत् ॥५९॥

59. yathā paśūnāṁ saṁghātaṁ yaṣṭyā pālaḥ prakālayet ,
tathā bhīmo gajānīkaṁ gadayā paryakālayat.

59. yathā paśūnām saṃghātam yaṣṭyā pālaḥ prakālayet
tathā bhīmaḥ gajāṇīkam gadayā paryakālayat

59. yathā pālaḥ yaṣṭyā paśūnām saṃghātam prakālayet
tathā bhīmaḥ gadayā gajāṇīkam paryakālayat

59. Just as a herdsman would drive a herd of animals (paśu) with a stick, similarly, Bhīma drove back the elephant army with his mace (gadā).

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, how

• पशूनाम् (paśūnām) - of animals, of cattle

• संघातम् (saṁghātam) - herd, multitude, collection

• यष्ट्या (yaṣṭyā) - with a stick, with a staff

• पालः (pālaḥ) - herdsman, protector, guardian

• प्रकालयेत् (prakālayet) - would drive, would herd, would urge on

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, so, thus

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma (a Pāṇḍava hero)

• गजाणीकम् (gajāṇīkam) - an army of elephants, elephant corps

• गदया (gadayā) - with a mace

• पर्यकालयत् (paryakālayat) - he drove around, he pushed back

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, how

(indeclinable)

पशूनाम् (paśūnām) - of animals, of cattle

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of paśu

paśu - animal, beast, cattle

संघातम् (saṁghātam) - herd, multitude, collection

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃghāta

saṁghāta - collection, multitude, herd, crowd

Derived from the root 'han' (to strike, unite) with the prefix 'sam-'.

Prefix: sam

Root: han (class 2)

यष्ट्या (yaṣṭyā) - with a stick, with a staff

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yaṣṭi

yaṣṭi - stick, staff, club

पालः (pālaḥ) - herdsman, protector, guardian

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāla

pāla - protector, guardian, herdsman

Derived from the root 'pāl' (to protect, cherish).

Root: pāl (class 10)

प्रकालयेत् (prakālayet) - would drive, would herd, would urge on

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of prakālay

optative mood, present tense, causative stem

Causative stem from root 'kal' (to move, class 1) with prefix 'pra-'. 3rd person singular optative active ending '-et'.

Prefix: pra

Root: kal (class 1)

Note: Causative verb form.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, so, thus

(indeclinable)

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma (a Pāṇḍava hero)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma (name of the second Pāṇḍava brother), formidable, dreadful

Root: bhī (class 3)

गजाणीकम् (gajāṇīkam) - an army of elephants, elephant corps

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gajāṇīka

gajāṇīka - elephant army, division of elephants

The 'ṇ' is a result of internal sandhi (n-retroflexion) within the compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gaja+anīka)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, host, troop, front
  noun (neuter)

गदया (gadayā) - with a mace

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club, cudgel

Root: gad (class 1)

पर्यकालयत् (paryakālayat) - he drove around, he pushed back

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of paryakālay

imperfect past tense, causative stem

Causative stem from root 'kal' (to move, class 1) with prefix 'pari-' and past tense augment 'a-'. 3rd person singular imperfect active ending '-at'.

Prefixes: pari+a

Root: kal (class 1)

Note: Causative verb form with prefixes.