महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-58, verse-28

ततः शल्यो महाराज स्वस्रीयौ रथिनां वरौ ।
शरैर्बहुभिरानर्छत्कृतप्रतिकृतैषिणौ ।
छाद्यमानौ ततस्तौ तु माद्रीपुत्रौ न चेलतुः ॥२८॥

28. tataḥ śalyo mahārāja svasrīyau rathināṁ varau ,
śarairbahubhirānarchatkṛtapratikṛtaiṣiṇau ,
chādyamānau tatastau tu mādrīputrau na celatuḥ.

28. tataḥ śalyaḥ mahārāja svasrīyau
rathinām varau śaraiḥ bahubhiḥ ānarćat
kṛtapratikṛtaiṣiṇau chādyamānau
tataḥ tau tu mādrīputrau na celatuḥ

28. mahārāja,
tataḥ śalyaḥ rathinām varau svasrīyau bahubhiḥ śaraiḥ kṛtapratikṛtaiṣiṇau ānarćat.
tataḥ tu chādyamānau tau mādrīputrau na celatuḥ.

28. O great king, then Śalya shot many arrows at his two nephews, the best of charioteers, who were seeking to retaliate. Even while being covered, those two sons of Mādrī, however, did not stir.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya (a proper name)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• स्वस्रीयौ (svasrīyau) - Nakula and Sahadeva (the two nephews)

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

• वरौ (varau) - the two best, the two excellent

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - with many arrows (with many)

• आनर्ćअत् (ānarćat) - he shot, he attacked

• कृतप्रतिकृतैषिणौ (kṛtapratikṛtaiṣiṇau) - desiring retaliation/requital, wishing to return the favor/injury

• छाद्यमानौ (chādyamānau) - being covered, being concealed

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• तौ (tau) - Nakula and Sahadeva (those two, them two)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• माद्रीपुत्रौ (mādrīputrau) - Nakula and Sahadeva (the two sons of Mādrī)

• न (na) - not

• चेलतुः (celatuḥ) - they moved, they stirred

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

Avyaya.

Note: Indicates sequence.

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Śalya (king of Madras, maternal uncle of Nakula and Sahadeva)

Note: Subject of `ānarćat`.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
  From mahat.
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

स्वस्रीयौ (svasrīyau) - Nakula and Sahadeva (the two nephews)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of svasrīya

svasrīya - nephew (sister's son)

From svasṛ (sister).

Note: Object of `ānarćat`. Refers to Nakula and Sahadeva.

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

`ratha` (chariot) + suffix -in.

Note: Part of a superlative compound "best of charioteers".

वरौ (varau) - the two best, the two excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of vara

vara - best, excellent, choicest

Note: Forms a compound with `rathinām` to mean "best of charioteers".

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Note: Instrument of shooting.

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - with many arrows (with many)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, numerous

Note: Qualifies `śaraiḥ`.

आनर्ćअत् (ānarćat) - he shot, he attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ā + ṛc

Imperfect 3rd singular active

Root ṛc, 6th class. Imperfect active, 3rd person singular.

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛc (class 6)

Note: Prefix ā.

कृतप्रतिकृतैषिणौ (kṛtapratikṛtaiṣiṇau) - desiring retaliation/requital, wishing to return the favor/injury

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of kṛtapratikṛtaiṣin

kṛtapratikṛtaiṣin - desiring requital for deeds (good or bad), wishing to retaliate

Compound of kṛta (done), pratikṛta (requital), and aiṣin (desiring).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṛta+pratikṛta+eṣin)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ 'to do'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• pratikṛta – requital, retaliation, return
  noun (neuter)
  From prati + kṛta.
  Prefix: prati
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• eṣin – seeking, desiring
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root iṣ 'to wish, to seek'.
  Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Refers to Nakula and Sahadeva.

छाद्यमानौ (chādyamānau) - being covered, being concealed

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, dual of chādyamāna

chādyamāna - being covered, being concealed

Present Passive Participle

From causal of root chad 'to cover', passive voice.

Root: chad (class 10)

Note: From causal `chādayati`.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

Avyaya.

Note: Indicates sequence.

तौ (tau) - Nakula and Sahadeva (those two, them two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Nakula and Sahadeva.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a contrasting idea.

माद्रीपुत्रौ (mādrīputrau) - Nakula and Sahadeva (the two sons of Mādrī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mādrīputra

mādrīputra - son of Mādrī

Compound type : tatpurusha (mādrī+putra)

• mādrī – Mādrī (name of the mother of Nakula and Sahadeva)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subjects of `na celatuḥ`.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

चेलतुः (celatuḥ) - they moved, they stirred

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (liṭ) of cal

Perfect 3rd dual active

Root cal, 1st class. Perfect active, 3rd person dual.

Root: cal (class 1)