महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-58, verse-7

संजय उवाच ।
क्षयं मनुष्यदेहानां गजवाजिरथक्षयम् ।
शृणु राजन्स्थिरो भूत्वा तवैवापनयो महान् ॥७॥

7. saṁjaya uvāca ,
kṣayaṁ manuṣyadehānāṁ gajavājirathakṣayam ,
śṛṇu rājansthiro bhūtvā tavaivāpanayo mahān.

7. sanjaya uvāca kṣayam manuṣyadehānām gajavājirathakṣayam
śṛṇu rājan sthiraḥ bhūtvā tava eva apanayaḥ mahān

7. sanjaya uvāca: rājan,
sthiraḥ bhūtvā,
manuṣyadehānām gajavājirathakṣayam kṣayam śṛṇu.
tava eva mahān apanayaḥ [asti].

7. Sañjaya said: O King, compose yourself and listen to the destruction of human bodies, and the annihilation of elephants, horses, and chariots. Indeed, this great error is entirely your own.

Words meanings summery:

• सन्जय (sanjaya) - Sañjaya (name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• क्षयम् (kṣayam) - destruction, loss, decay

• मनुष्यदेहानाम् (manuṣyadehānām) - of human bodies

• गजवाजिरथक्षयम् (gajavājirathakṣayam) - destruction of elephants, horses, and chariots

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• स्थिरः (sthiraḥ) - steady, firm, calm

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been, having become

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• अपनयः (apanayaḥ) - wrong policy, transgression, error, bad conduct

• महान् (mahān) - great, large, extensive

Words meanings and morphology

सन्जय (sanjaya) - Sañjaya (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and minister)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (lit)

Root: vac (class 2)

क्षयम् (kṣayam) - destruction, loss, decay

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - destruction, loss, decline, annihilation

Derived from root kṣi (to destroy, waste).

Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Object of "listen" (śṛṇu).

मनुष्यदेहानाम् (manuṣyadehānām) - of human bodies

(noun)

Genitive, plural of manuṣyadeha

manuṣyadeha - human body

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (manuṣya+deha)

• manuṣya – human, man
  noun (masculine)
• deha – body
  noun (masculine)

गजवाजिरथक्षयम् (gajavājirathakṣayam) - destruction of elephants, horses, and chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gajavājirathakṣaya

gajavājirathakṣaya - destruction of elephants, horses, and chariots

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (gaja+vājin+ratha+kṣaya)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• vājin – horse
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• kṣaya – destruction, loss
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root kṣi (to destroy, waste).
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: This is a karmadhāraya compound where 'kṣaya' applies to the dvandva (gajavājiratha).

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

स्थिरः (sthiraḥ) - steady, firm, calm

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthira

sthira - steady, firm, constant, calm

Derived from root sthā (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for the implied subject of 'bhūtvā' (you).

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been, having become

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Suffix -tvā added to root bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Expresses prior action. "Having become steady" or "being steady."

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular and plural)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes "tava".

अपनयः (apanayaḥ) - wrong policy, transgression, error, bad conduct

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apanaya

apanaya - wrong course, transgression, error, bad conduct, injustice

Derived from root nī (to lead) with prefix apa (away, badly).

Prefix: apa

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'asti'.

महान् (mahān) - great, large, extensive

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, important

Note: Modifies 'apanayaḥ'.