महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-58, verse-49

भीमसेनस्य मार्गेषु गतासून्पर्वतोपमान् ।
अपश्याम हतान्नागान्निष्टनन्तस्तथापरे ॥४९॥

49. bhīmasenasya mārgeṣu gatāsūnparvatopamān ,
apaśyāma hatānnāgānniṣṭanantastathāpare.

49. bhīmasenasya mārgeṣu gatāsūn parvatopamān
apaśyāma hatān nāgān niṣṭanantaḥ tathā apare

49. vayam bhīmasenasya mārgeṣu gatāsūn parvatopamān
hatān nāgān apaśyāma tathā apare niṣṭanantaḥ

49. On the paths (traversed by) Bhimasena, we saw slain elephants, as massive as mountains, their lives departed, while others were still roaring.

Words meanings summery:

• भीमसेनस्य (bhīmasenasya) - of Bhimasena

• मार्गेषु (mārgeṣu) - on the paths, in the ways

• गतासून् (gatāsūn) - whose lives are gone, dead

• पर्वतोपमान् (parvatopamān) - resembling mountains, mountain-like

• अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we saw, we beheld

• हतान् (hatān) - slain, killed

• नागान् (nāgān) - elephants (in the context of battle with Bhima) (elephants; snakes)

• निष्टनन्तः (niṣṭanantaḥ) - roaring (in pain) (roaring, groaning, lamenting)

• तथा (tathā) - also, while (thus, so, also, similarly)

• अपरे (apare) - other (elephants) (others, other ones)

Words meanings and morphology

भीमसेनस्य (bhīmasenasya) - of Bhimasena

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Name of Bhima, one of the Pandavas, son of Vayu.

मार्गेषु (mārgeṣu) - on the paths, in the ways

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of mārga

mārga - path, road, way, track

Root: mṛj (class 2)

गतासून् (gatāsūn) - whose lives are gone, dead

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gatāsu

gatāsu - departed life, dead, lifeless

Bahuvrīhi compound of gata (P.P.P. of gam) and asu (life).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+asu)

• gata – gone, departed, reached, fallen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)
• asu – life, breath, vital air
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies nāgān.

पर्वतोपमान् (parvatopamān) - resembling mountains, mountain-like

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of parvatopama

parvatopama - resembling a mountain, mountain-like

Compound of parvata (mountain) and upama (resemblance).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parvata+upama)

• parvata – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• upama – likeness, resemblance, simile
  noun (feminine)

Note: Modifies nāgān.

अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we saw, we beheld

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect active, 1st person plural

`a-` (augment) + `paśya` (root substitute) + `āma` (ending). `dṛś` becomes `paśya` in present/imperfect stems.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The speaker is plural ('we').

हतान् (hatān) - slain, killed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - struck, beaten, killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies nāgān.

नागान् (nāgān) - elephants (in the context of battle with Bhima) (elephants; snakes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - serpent, snake; elephant

Note: Object of apaśyāma.

निष्टनन्तः (niṣṭanantaḥ) - roaring (in pain) (roaring, groaning, lamenting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niṣṭanat

niṣṭanat - roaring, groaning, screaming

Present Active Participle

From root stan (to roar, thunder) with prefix ni.

Prefix: nis

Root: stan (class 1)

Note: Modifies apare.

तथा (tathā) - also, while (thus, so, also, similarly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two observations.

अपरे (apare) - other (elephants) (others, other ones)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apara

apara - other, another, subsequent

Note: Refers to other elephants.