महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-56, verse-15

अर्जुनस्य तु भागेन कर्णो वैकर्तनो मतः ।
अश्वत्थामा विकर्णश्च सैन्धवश्च जयद्रथः ॥१५॥

15. arjunasya tu bhāgena karṇo vaikartano mataḥ ,
aśvatthāmā vikarṇaśca saindhavaśca jayadrathaḥ.

15. arjunasya tu bhāgena karṇaḥ vaikartanaḥ mataḥ
aśvatthāmā vikarṇaḥ ca saindhavaḥ ca jayadrathaḥ

15. But as Arjuna's opponent, Karna, the son of Vikartana (Surya), is designated. Ashwatthama, Vikarna, and Jayadratha, the king of Sindhu, are also (assigned).

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुनस्य (arjunasya) - Of Arjuna, the third of the Pandavas and a peerless archer. (of Arjuna)

• तु (tu) - Introduces a contrasting idea or a new assignment. (but, indeed, however)

• भागेन (bhāgena) - For Arjuna's assigned opponent or division. (by a share, by a portion, as a division)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - The great warrior, son of Surya and Kunti, raised by Radha, a key ally of Duryodhana. (Karna (proper name))

• वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - An epithet for Karna, indicating his divine paternity as the son of Surya, also known as Vikartana. (son of Vikartana (Surya, the sun god))

• मतः (mataḥ) - Karna is considered or designated as Arjuna's opponent. (considered, thought, designated)

• अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - The son of Drona, a powerful Kaurava warrior and an avatar of Shiva. (Ashwatthama (proper name))

• विकर्णः (vikarṇaḥ) - One of Duryodhana's brothers, known for his sense of justice and morality. (Vikarna (proper name))

• च (ca) - Connects Vikarna with Ashwatthama. (and)

• सैन्धवः (saindhavaḥ) - Jayadratha, the king of the Sindhu kingdom and husband of Duryodhana's sister, Dushala. (the king of Sindhu, belonging to Sindhu)

• च (ca) - Connects Saindhava (Jayadratha) with Vikarna. (and)

• जयद्रथः (jayadrathaḥ) - The king of Sindhu, husband of Duryodhana's sister Dushala, who abducted Draupadi. (Jayadratha (proper name))

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुनस्य (arjunasya) - Of Arjuna, the third of the Pandavas and a peerless archer. (of Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (proper name), white, clear, silver

Root: ṛj

तु (tu) - Introduces a contrasting idea or a new assignment. (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

भागेन (bhāgena) - For Arjuna's assigned opponent or division. (by a share, by a portion, as a division)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhāga

bhāga - share, portion, division, part, lot

Root: bhaj

Note: Instrumental case denotes 'by means of' or 'as'.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - The great warrior, son of Surya and Kunti, raised by Radha, a key ally of Duryodhana. (Karna (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (proper name), ear

वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - An epithet for Karna, indicating his divine paternity as the son of Surya, also known as Vikartana. (son of Vikartana (Surya, the sun god))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaikartana

vaikartana - son of Vikartana (Surya), belonging to Vikartana

patronymic

Derived from 'vikartana' (an epithet of Surya) with the 'aṇa' suffix.

मतः (mataḥ) - Karna is considered or designated as Arjuna's opponent. (considered, thought, designated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mata

mata - considered, thought, agreed, esteemed, designated

Past Passive Participle

From root 'man' (to think) with the 'ta' suffix.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Acts as the predicate of the sentence.

अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - The son of Drona, a powerful Kaurava warrior and an avatar of Shiva. (Ashwatthama (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - Ashwatthama (proper name), having the strength of a horse

Compound of 'aśva' (horse) and 'sthāman' (strength).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (aśva+sthāman)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• sthāman – strength, power, might
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

विकर्णः (vikarṇaḥ) - One of Duryodhana's brothers, known for his sense of justice and morality. (Vikarna (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikarṇa

vikarṇa - Vikarna (proper name), having large/split ears, earless

Compound of 'vi' (various, apart) and 'karṇa' (ear).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+karṇa)

• vi – apart, asunder, various, without
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating separation, opposition, or intensity.
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - Connects Vikarna with Ashwatthama. (and)

(indeclinable)

सैन्धवः (saindhavaḥ) - Jayadratha, the king of the Sindhu kingdom and husband of Duryodhana's sister, Dushala. (the king of Sindhu, belonging to Sindhu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saindhava

saindhava - relating to Sindhu, an inhabitant of Sindhu, king of Sindhu

Derived from 'sindhu' (Sindhu region/river) with the 'aṇ' suffix.

च (ca) - Connects Saindhava (Jayadratha) with Vikarna. (and)

(indeclinable)

जयद्रथः (jayadrathaḥ) - The king of Sindhu, husband of Duryodhana's sister Dushala, who abducted Draupadi. (Jayadratha (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jayadratha

jayadratha - Jayadratha (proper name), having a chariot of victory

Compound of 'jaya' (victory) and 'ratha' (chariot).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (jaya+ratha)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ji' (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ram' (to delight) or 'rādh' (to accomplish).
  Root: ram (class 1)