महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-222, verse-51

सर्वं राज्ञः समुदयमायं च व्ययमेव च ।
एकाहं वेद्मि कल्याणि पाण्डवानां यशस्विनाम् ॥५१॥

51. sarvaṁ rājñaḥ samudayamāyaṁ ca vyayameva ca ,
ekāhaṁ vedmi kalyāṇi pāṇḍavānāṁ yaśasvinām.

51. sarvam rājñaḥ samudayam āyam ca vyayam eva ca
ekā aham vedmi kalyāṇi pāṇḍavānām yaśasvinām

51. O virtuous lady (kalyāṇi), only I know all the king's prosperity, income, and expenditure, and also that of the glorious Pāṇḍavas.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (referring to prosperity, income, and expenditure) (all, everything)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• समुदयम् (samudayam) - prosperity, rising, collection, accumulation

• आयम् (āyam) - income, revenue

• च (ca) - and

• व्ययम् (vyayam) - expenditure, expense

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• च (ca) - and

• एका (ekā) - only (I) (alone, only)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Vidura) (I)

• वेद्मि (vedmi) - I know

• कल्याणि (kalyāṇi) - O virtuous lady (likely Gandhārī) (O fortunate one, O virtuous lady)

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

• यशस्विनाम् (yaśasvinām) - of the glorious, renowned

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (referring to prosperity, income, and expenditure) (all, everything)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

समुदयम् (samudayam) - prosperity, rising, collection, accumulation

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samudaya

samudaya - rising, prosperity, collection, income, accumulation

Derived from root √i with prefixes sam-ud

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: i (class 2)

आयम् (āyam) - income, revenue

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āya

āya - income, revenue, receipt

Derived from root √i with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

व्ययम् (vyayam) - expenditure, expense

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyaya

vyaya - expenditure, expense, loss

Derived from root √i with prefixes vi-ā

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: i (class 2)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एका (ekā) - only (I) (alone, only)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of eka

eka - one, alone, unique, only

Note: Feminine form of 'eka' used in conjunction with 'aham' (I), likely adverbial meaning 'alone' or 'only', despite the male speaker (Vidura).

अहम् (aham) - I (Vidura) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Refers to Vidura, the speaker.

वेद्मि (vedmi) - I know

(verb)

1st person , singular, ātmanepada, perfect (liṭ) of vid

Perfect tense (liṭ), ātmanepada, 1st singular, irregular form, used with present meaning (vid-laṭ)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Literally 'I have known', but commonly used in the sense of 'I know'.

कल्याणि (kalyāṇi) - O virtuous lady (likely Gandhārī) (O fortunate one, O virtuous lady)

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of kalyāṇī

kalyāṇī - auspicious, fortunate, virtuous, beautiful woman

Feminine form of kalyāṇa

Note: Addressing a woman, likely Gandhārī.

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu (i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna, Nakula, Sahadeva)

Derivative of Pāṇḍu

यशस्विनाम् (yaśasvinām) - of the glorious, renowned

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - glorious, famous, renowned, celebrated

Suffix -vin added to yaśas

Note: Agrees with Pāṇḍavānām.