महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-222, verse-28

अतिहासातिरोषौ च क्रोधस्थानं च वर्जये ।
निरताहं सदा सत्ये भर्तॄणामुपसेवने ।
सर्वथा भर्तृरहितं न ममेष्टं कथंचन ॥२८॥

28. atihāsātiroṣau ca krodhasthānaṁ ca varjaye ,
niratāhaṁ sadā satye bhartṝṇāmupasevane ,
sarvathā bhartṛrahitaṁ na mameṣṭaṁ kathaṁcana.

28. atihāsātiroṣau ca krodhasthānaṃ ca
varjayet niratā ahaṃ sadā satye
bhartṝṇām upasevane sarvathā
bhartṛrahitaṃ na mama iṣṭaṃ kathaṃcana

28. I should avoid excessive laughter and anger, as well as situations that provoke anger. I am always committed to truth and to serving my husbands. By no means is a life without a husband desirable to me.

Words meanings summery:

• अतिहासातिरोषौ (atihāsātiroṣau) - Excessive laughter and excessive anger

• च (ca) - And, also

• क्रोधस्थानं (krodhasthānaṁ) - Occasion for anger, place of anger, cause of anger

• च (ca) - And, also

• वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - The implied subject is 'I' from the previous verse, continuing Draupadi's self-description. ((One) should avoid, shun, refrain from)

• निरता (niratā) - Devoted, attached, engaged in

• अहं (ahaṁ) - I

• सदा (sadā) - Always, ever, perpetually

• सत्ये (satye) - In truth, in righteousness

• भर्तॄणाम् (bhartṝṇām) - Of the husbands

• उपसेवने (upasevane) - In serving, in attendance

• सर्वथा (sarvathā) - In every way, by all means, completely

• भर्तृरहितं (bhartṛrahitaṁ) - Refers to the state of being without a husband. (Without a husband, deprived of a husband)

• न (na) - Not, no

• मम (mama) - My, of me

• इष्टं (iṣṭaṁ) - Desired, wished, dear, agreeable

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - Emphasizes the negation when used with 'na'. (By no means, by any means, under any circumstances)

Words meanings and morphology

अतिहासातिरोषौ (atihāsātiroṣau) - Excessive laughter and excessive anger

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of atihāsātiroṣa

atihāsātiroṣa - excessive laughter and excessive anger (as a dvandva)

Compound type : dvandva (atihāsa+atiroṣa)

• atihāsa – excessive laughter, loud laughter
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ati
  Root: has (class 1)
• atiroṣa – excessive anger, great rage
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ati
  Root: ruṣ (class 4)

Note: Objects of 'varjayet'.

च (ca) - And, also

(indeclinable)

क्रोधस्थानं (krodhasthānaṁ) - Occasion for anger, place of anger, cause of anger

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of krodhasthāna

krodhasthāna - occasion for anger, situation causing anger, place of anger

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (krodha+sthāna)

• krodha – anger, wrath, rage
  noun (masculine)
  From root krudh
  Root: krudh (class 4)
• sthāna – standing, staying, station, place, position
  noun (neuter)
  Verbal Noun
  From root sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of 'varjayet'.

च (ca) - And, also

(indeclinable)

वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - The implied subject is 'I' from the previous verse, continuing Draupadi's self-description. ((One) should avoid, shun, refrain from)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vṛj

Optative Active

3rd Person Singular

Root: vṛj (class 10)

निरता (niratā) - Devoted, attached, engaged in

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of niratā

nirata - devoted to, attached to, engaged in, immersed in

Past Passive Participle

From root ram with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'ahaṃ'.

अहं (ahaṁ) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

सदा (sadā) - Always, ever, perpetually

(indeclinable)

सत्ये (satye) - In truth, in righteousness

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, righteousness, faithful

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Refers to the steadfastness in truth.

भर्तॄणाम् (bhartṝṇām) - Of the husbands

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, supporter, maintainer, lord, master

Agent Noun

From root bhṛ

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

उपसेवने (upasevane) - In serving, in attendance

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of upasevana

upasevana - serving, attending, devotion, worship

Verbal Noun

From root sev with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: sev (class 1)

सर्वथा (sarvathā) - In every way, by all means, completely

(indeclinable)

Suffix thā

भर्तृरहितं (bhartṛrahitaṁ) - Refers to the state of being without a husband. (Without a husband, deprived of a husband)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhartṛrahita

bhartṛrahita - devoid of a husband, without a husband

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhartṛ+rahita)

• bhartṛ – husband, supporter, maintainer, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root bhṛ
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)
• rahita – deprived of, devoid of, without, excluded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root rah
  Root: rah (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for implied 'life' or 'state'.

न (na) - Not, no

(indeclinable)

मम (mama) - My, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

इष्टं (iṣṭaṁ) - Desired, wished, dear, agreeable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, wished, beloved, agreeable, worshipped, sacrificed

Past Passive Participle

From root iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Predicate adjective for implied 'life' or 'state'.

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - Emphasizes the negation when used with 'na'. (By no means, by any means, under any circumstances)

(indeclinable)