महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-222, verse-12

उद्विग्नस्य कुतः शान्तिरशान्तस्य कुतः सुखम् ।
न जातु वशगो भर्ता स्त्रियाः स्यान्मन्त्रकारणात् ॥१२॥

12. udvignasya kutaḥ śāntiraśāntasya kutaḥ sukham ,
na jātu vaśago bhartā striyāḥ syānmantrakāraṇāt.

12. udvignasya kutaḥ śāntiḥ aśāntasya kutaḥ sukham na
jātu vaśagaḥ bhartā striyāḥ syāt mantrakāraṇāt

12. How can there be peace for an agitated person? And how can there be happiness for a restless one? A husband will never become subservient to a woman due to magic spells.

Words meanings summery:

• उद्विग्नस्य (udvignasya) - for the agitated one, of the alarmed one

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - whence, from where, how

• शान्तिः (śāntiḥ) - peace, tranquility

• अशान्तस्य (aśāntasya) - for the unpeaceful one, of the restless one

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - whence, from where, how

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, comfort

• न (na) - not, no

• जातु (jātu) - ever, at any time (used with na to mean "never")

• वशगः (vaśagaḥ) - subservient, obedient, subject to another's will

• भर्ता (bhartā) - husband, master

• स्त्रियाः (striyāḥ) - of a woman, to a woman

• स्यात् (syāt) - would be, should be

• मन्त्रकारणात् (mantrakāraṇāt) - due to magic spells, by means of magic

Words meanings and morphology

उद्विग्नस्य (udvignasya) - for the agitated one, of the alarmed one

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of udvigna

udvigna - agitated, alarmed, perturbed, distressed

Past Passive Participle

From ud-√vij + kta.

Prefix: ud

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Used substantively to refer to 'an agitated person'.

कुतः (kutaḥ) - whence, from where, how

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb of origin/cause.

शान्तिः (śāntiḥ) - peace, tranquility

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śānti

śānti - peace, tranquility, cessation, appeasement

Action noun

From √śam (to be calm) + -ti.

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Subject.

अशान्तस्य (aśāntasya) - for the unpeaceful one, of the restless one

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of aśānta

aśānta - unpeaceful, restless, disturbed, agitated

Negative prefix 'a-' + 'śānta' (peaceful, calm, PPP of √śam).

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śānta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• śānta – peaceful, calm, pacified
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √śam + kta.
  Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Used substantively to refer to 'a restless person'.

कुतः (kutaḥ) - whence, from where, how

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb of origin/cause.

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, comfort

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, ease, comfort, pleasure

Note: Subject.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

जातु (jātu) - ever, at any time (used with na to mean "never")

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Root: jan

वशगः (vaśagaḥ) - subservient, obedient, subject to another's will

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaśaga

vaśaga - gone into power, subject to, obedient, dependent

From 'vaśa' (power, control) + √gam (to go) + a.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vaśa+ga)

• vaśa – will, power, control
  noun (masculine)
• ga – going, moving, being
  adjective
  Suffix -ga from √gam.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'bhartā'.

भर्ता (bhartā) - husband, master

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, maintainer, lord, master

Agent noun

From √bhṛ (to bear, support) + tṛc.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Subject of 'syāt'.

स्त्रियाः (striyāḥ) - of a woman, to a woman

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, wife, female

Note: Dependent on 'vaśagaḥ' (subject to a woman).

स्यात् (syāt) - would be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

मन्त्रकारणात् (mantrakāraṇāt) - due to magic spells, by means of magic

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of mantrakāraṇa

mantrakāraṇa - the cause of a mantra, by means of a mantra, magic spell as a cause

From 'mantra' (spell) + 'kāraṇa' (cause, means).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mantra+kāraṇa)

• mantra – spell, sacred utterance, counsel
  noun (masculine)
  From √man + tra.
  Root: man (class 4)
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument, means
  noun (neuter)
  Action noun
  From √kṛ (to do) + ana.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Expresses cause.