महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-45, verse-5

न वै परीक्षसे सम्यगसह्यं शत्रुसंभवम् ।
ज्येष्ठपुत्रस्य शोकं त्वं किमर्थं नावबुध्यसे ॥५॥

5. na vai parīkṣase samyagasahyaṁ śatrusaṁbhavam ,
jyeṣṭhaputrasya śokaṁ tvaṁ kimarthaṁ nāvabudhyase.

5. na vai parīkṣase samyak asahyam śatrusambhavam
jyeṣṭhaputrasya śokam tvam kimartham na avabudhyase

5. You certainly do not properly observe the unbearable sorrow arising from enemies in your eldest son. Why do you not understand it?

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• परीक्षसे (parīkṣase) - you examine, you observe, you test

• सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, completely, thoroughly

• असह्यम् (asahyam) - unbearable, irresistible

• शत्रुसम्भवम् (śatrusambhavam) - born of enemies, arising from enemies

• ज्येष्ठपुत्रस्य (jyeṣṭhaputrasya) - Of Duryodhana, who is Dhṛtarāṣṭra's eldest son. (of the eldest son)

• शोकम् (śokam) - sorrow, grief, distress

• त्वम् (tvam) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (you)

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose

• न (na) - not, no

• अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you perceive

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with parīkṣase.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

परीक्षसे (parīkṣase) - you examine, you observe, you test

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of parīkṣ

Present Tense, Middle Voice, Second Person Singular

Derived from root ĪKṢ (to see) with upasarga pari.

Prefix: pari

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, completely, thoroughly

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies parīkṣase.

असह्यम् (asahyam) - unbearable, irresistible

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asahya

asahya - unbearable, irresistible, intolerable

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From sah (to bear) with negative prefix a-.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sahya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• sahya – bearable, tolerable
  adjective
  Gerundive
  Derived from root sah with suffix ya.
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies śokam.

शत्रुसम्भवम् (śatrusambhavam) - born of enemies, arising from enemies

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śatrusambhava

śatrusambhava - born of enemies, arising from adversaries

Compound type : tatpurusha (śatru+sambhava)

• śatru – enemy, adversary
  noun (masculine)
• sambhava – origin, birth, production
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies śokam.

ज्येष्ठपुत्रस्य (jyeṣṭhaputrasya) - Of Duryodhana, who is Dhṛtarāṣṭra's eldest son. (of the eldest son)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭhaputra

jyeṣṭhaputra - eldest son

Compound type : karmadharaya (jyeṣṭha+putra)

• jyeṣṭha – eldest, senior, best
  adjective
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Relates to śokam.

शोकम् (śokam) - sorrow, grief, distress

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, distress, lamentation

From root śuc (to glow, grieve).

Root: śuc (class 1)

त्वम् (tvam) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of avabudhyase.

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose

(indeclinable)

From kim (what) and artha (purpose).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which, who
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with avabudhyase.

अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of avabudh

Present Tense, Middle Voice, Second Person Singular

Derived from root BUDH (to know) with upasarga ava.

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 1)