महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-45, verse-42

स हि धर्मं पुरस्कृत्य दीर्घदर्शी परं हितम् ।
उभयोः पक्षयोर्युक्तं वक्ष्यत्यर्थविनिश्चयम् ॥४२॥

42. sa hi dharmaṁ puraskṛtya dīrghadarśī paraṁ hitam ,
ubhayoḥ pakṣayoryuktaṁ vakṣyatyarthaviniścayam.

42. sa hi dharmam puraskṛtya dīrghadarśī param hitam
ubhayoḥ pakṣayoḥ yuktam vakṣyati arthaviniścayam

42. For he (Vidura), being far-sighted and making natural law (dharma) paramount, will declare the supreme welfare (hitam) and a just decision (arthaviniścayam) that is appropriate for both parties.

42. הוא, מתוך הקדמת חוק היושר וברוחב ראייה, יאמר את ההכרעה הנכונה בעניין, זו שבתועלת העליונה ומתאימה לשני הצדדים.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Vidura (he)

• हि (hi) - for, indeed, surely

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, righteousness, duty

• पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having made foremost, having honored, having placed in front

• दीर्घदर्शी (dīrghadarśī) - far-sighted, prudent, prescient

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest, excellent

• हितम् (hitam) - welfare, benefit, good

• उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both parties (Kauravas and Pandavas) (of both)

• पक्षयोः (pakṣayoḥ) - of the two sides (Kauravas and Pandavas) (of the sides, of the parties)

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - proper, appropriate, just, suitable

• वक्ष्यति (vakṣyati) - he will declare, he will speak

• अर्थविनिश्चयम् (arthaviniścayam) - decision on the matter, ascertainment of the affair

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Vidura (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Nominative singular masculine of tad.

Note: Refers to Vidura.

हि (hi) - for, indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing affirmation or cause.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, righteousness, duty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, moral law, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of puraskṛtya (made foremost).

पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having made foremost, having honored, having placed in front

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root √kṛ (to do, to make) with upasarga puras. Ends in -ya as the root has a prefix.

Prefix: puras

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दीर्घदर्शी (dīrghadarśī) - far-sighted, prudent, prescient

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīrghadarśin

dīrghadarśin - far-sighted, long-sighted, prudent, discerning

Compound of dīrgha (long) and darśin (seeing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dīrgha+darśin)

• dīrgha – long, extensive
  adjective
• darśin – seeing, perceiving, showing
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √dṛś (to see)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (Vidura).

परम् (param) - supreme, highest, excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - highest, supreme, excellent, ultimate, other

Accusative singular neuter, agreeing with hitam.

Note: Adjective modifying `hitam`.

हितम् (hitam) - welfare, benefit, good

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, good, welfare, happiness

Past Passive Participle

From root √dhā (to place, to put), irregular participle.

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of vakṣyati.

उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both parties (Kauravas and Pandavas) (of both)

(pronoun)

Genitive, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Dual form of the pronominal stem ubha.

Note: Refers to the two parties in the dispute.

पक्षयोः (pakṣayoḥ) - of the two sides (Kauravas and Pandavas) (of the sides, of the parties)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of pakṣa

pakṣa - wing, side, party, faction

युक्तम् (yuktam) - proper, appropriate, just, suitable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, connected, proper, suitable, engaged, controlled

Past Passive Participle

From root √yuj (to join, to yoke).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Refers to the decision.

वक्ष्यति (vakṣyati) - he will declare, he will speak

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac

Future Active

From root √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject is Vidura (sa).

अर्थविनिश्चयम् (arthaviniścayam) - decision on the matter, ascertainment of the affair

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arthaviniścaya

arthaviniścaya - ascertainment of a matter, decision on a business

Compound of artha (matter) and viniścaya (decision).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+viniścaya)

• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, matter, affair
  noun (masculine)
• viniścaya – definite decision, ascertainment, resolution
  noun (masculine)
  From vi-nis-ci (to determine, ascertain).
  Prefixes: vi+nis
  Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Object of vakṣyati.

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