महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-45, verse-43

दुर्योधन उवाच ।
निवर्तयिष्यति त्वासौ यदि क्षत्ता समेष्यति ।
निवृत्ते त्वयि राजेन्द्र मरिष्येऽहमसंशयम् ॥४३॥

43. duryodhana uvāca ,
nivartayiṣyati tvāsau yadi kṣattā sameṣyati ,
nivṛtte tvayi rājendra mariṣye'hamasaṁśayam.

43. duryodhanaḥ uvāca nivartayiṣyati tvā asau yadi kṣattā
sameṣyati nivṛtte tvayi rājendra mariṣye aham asaṃśayam

43. Duryodhana said: 'If that Vidura (kṣattā) arrives, he will turn you away (from this proposal). And if you, O king of kings (rājendra), are deterred, I will undoubtedly die.'

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - The eldest son of Dhritarashtra (Duryodhana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• निवर्तयिष्यति (nivartayiṣyati) - he will cause to turn back, he will prevent, he will deter

• त्वा (tvā) - King Dhritarashtra (you (accusative))

• असौ (asau) - Vidura (that one, he)

• यदि (yadi) - if

• क्षत्ता (kṣattā) - Vidura, Dhritarashtra's half-brother and advisor (chamberlain, charioteer, Vidura)

• समेष्यति (sameṣyati) - he will come, he will meet, he will arrive

• निवृत्ते (nivṛtte) - when turned back, when deterred

• त्वयि (tvayi) - when you (Dhritarashtra) (in you, upon you, when you)

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O Dhritarashtra (O king of kings, O supreme king)

• मरिष्ये (mariṣye) - I will die

• अहम् (aham) - Duryodhana (I)

• असंशयम् (asaṁśayam) - without doubt, certainly

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - The eldest son of Dhritarashtra (Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of a Kaurava prince)

Compound meaning "hard to fight with" or "difficult to conquer".

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Irregular perfect form from root √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

निवर्तयिष्यति (nivartayiṣyati) - he will cause to turn back, he will prevent, he will deter

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of nivartay

Future Active (Causative)

Causative of ni-vṛt. From root √vṛt (to turn, exist) with upasarga ni, intensified with -ay suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Subject is `asau` (Vidura).

त्वा (tvā) - King Dhritarashtra (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuvam

yuvam - you

Second person pronoun. Alternative to tvām.

असौ (asau) - Vidura (that one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, this (referring to something distant or implied)

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of `nivartayiṣyati`.

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

क्षत्ता (kṣattā) - Vidura, Dhritarashtra's half-brother and advisor (chamberlain, charioteer, Vidura)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣattṛ

kṣattṛ - a chamberlain, a charioteer, a doorkeeper (also used as a proper noun for Vidura)

समेष्यति (sameṣyati) - he will come, he will meet, he will arrive

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of samī

Future Active

From root √i (to go) with upasarga sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Subject is `kṣattā` (Vidura).

निवृत्ते (nivṛtte) - when turned back, when deterred

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - turned back, averted, ceased, deterred

Past Passive Participle

From root √vṛt (to turn, exist) with upasarga ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, indicating a condition "when you are deterred".

त्वयि (tvayi) - when you (Dhritarashtra) (in you, upon you, when you)

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of yuvam

yuvam - you

Second person pronoun.

Note: Refers to Dhritarashtra.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O Dhritarashtra (O king of kings, O supreme king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, sovereign, supreme king

Compound of rājan (king) and indra (chief, best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, best, Indra (name of a deity)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra.

मरिष्ये (mariṣye) - I will die

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of mṛ

Future Middle

From root √mṛ. Future 1st person singular middle (ātmanepada).

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Subject is `aham` (Duryodhana).

अहम् (aham) - Duryodhana (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

Note: Subject of `mariṣye`.

असंशयम् (asaṁśayam) - without doubt, certainly

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound of a- (negation) and saṃśaya (doubt).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (a+saṃśaya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• saṃśaya – doubt, uncertainty
  noun (masculine)
  From sam-śī (to doubt).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying `mariṣye`.