महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-45, verse-40

अयमुत्सहते राजञ्श्रियमाहर्तुमक्षवित् ।
द्यूतेन पाण्डुपुत्रस्य तदनुज्ञातुमर्हसि ॥४०॥

40. ayamutsahate rājañśriyamāhartumakṣavit ,
dyūtena pāṇḍuputrasya tadanujñātumarhasi.

40. ayam utsahate rājan śriyam āhartum akṣavit
dyūtena pāṇḍuputrasya tat anujñātum arhasi

40. O King, this expert in dice is eager to acquire the wealth of Pāṇḍu's son through gambling. Therefore, you should permit this.

Words meanings summery:

• अयम् (ayam) - Duryodhana (implied) (this one)

• उत्सहते (utsahate) - strives, endeavors, is eager

• राजन् (rājan) - O Dhritarashtra (O king)

• श्रियम् (śriyam) - Yudhiṣṭhira's wealth (wealth, prosperity, fortune)

• आहर्तुम् (āhartum) - to acquire by winning (to acquire, to bring, to seize)

• अक्षवित् (akṣavit) - Duryodhana, who is skilled in dice (or has Śakuni, an expert, on his side) (expert in dice, skilled in dice)

• द्यूतेन (dyūtena) - by gambling, through a dice game

• पाण्डुपुत्रस्य (pāṇḍuputrasya) - of Yudhiṣṭhira (of the son of Pāṇḍu)

• तत् (tat) - therefore (as an adverbial use for 'that matter') (that, therefore)

• अनुज्ञातुम् (anujñātum) - to permit, to allow

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should, you ought

Words meanings and morphology

अयम् (ayam) - Duryodhana (implied) (this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

उत्सहते (utsahate) - strives, endeavors, is eager

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of utsah

Present Middle

From root √sah (to endure, to overcome) with upasarga ut.

Prefix: ut

Root: sah (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - O Dhritarashtra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

श्रियम् (śriyam) - Yudhiṣṭhira's wealth (wealth, prosperity, fortune)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - wealth, prosperity, fortune, glory, beauty

आहर्तुम् (āhartum) - to acquire by winning (to acquire, to bring, to seize)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root √hṛ (to carry, to take) with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

अक्षवित् (akṣavit) - Duryodhana, who is skilled in dice (or has Śakuni, an expert, on his side) (expert in dice, skilled in dice)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akṣavid

akṣavid - knowing dice, skilled in dice, expert in dice

Compound formed from akṣa (dice) and vid (knowing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (akṣa+vid)

• akṣa – dice, a die
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knowing, perceiver, expert
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

द्यूतेन (dyūtena) - by gambling, through a dice game

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, a game of dice

पाण्डुपुत्रस्य (pāṇḍuputrasya) - of Yudhiṣṭhira (of the son of Pāṇḍu)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pāṇḍu

Compound of Pāṇḍu and putra.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

तत् (tat) - therefore (as an adverbial use for 'that matter') (that, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Often used adverbially to mean 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Note: As a pronoun, it would be nominative/accusative neuter singular. Here adverbial.

अनुज्ञातुम् (anujñātum) - to permit, to allow

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root √jñā (to know) with upasarga anu.

Prefix: anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should, you ought

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Active

Root: arh (class 1)