महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-45, verse-40

अयमुत्सहते राजञ्श्रियमाहर्तुमक्षवित् ।
द्यूतेन पाण्डुपुत्रस्य तदनुज्ञातुमर्हसि ॥४०॥

40. ayamutsahate rājañśriyamāhartumakṣavit ,
dyūtena pāṇḍuputrasya tadanujñātumarhasi.

40. ayam utsahate rājan śriyam āhartum akṣavit
dyūtena pāṇḍuputrasya tat anujñātum arhasi

40. O King, this expert in dice is eager to acquire the wealth of Pāṇḍu's son through gambling. Therefore, you should permit this.

40. הו מלך, זה המומחה בקוביות מוכן להשיג את העושר של בן פָּאנְדוּ בהימור. ראוי שתתיר לו זאת.

Words meanings summery:

• अयम् (ayam) - Duryodhana (implied) (this one)

• उत्सहते (utsahate) - strives, endeavors, is eager

• राजन् (rājan) - O Dhritarashtra (O king)

• श्रियम् (śriyam) - Yudhiṣṭhira's wealth (wealth, prosperity, fortune)

• आहर्तुम् (āhartum) - to acquire by winning (to acquire, to bring, to seize)

• अक्षवित् (akṣavit) - Duryodhana, who is skilled in dice (or has Śakuni, an expert, on his side) (expert in dice, skilled in dice)

• द्यूतेन (dyūtena) - by gambling, through a dice game

• पाण्डुपुत्रस्य (pāṇḍuputrasya) - of Yudhiṣṭhira (of the son of Pāṇḍu)

• तत् (tat) - therefore (as an adverbial use for 'that matter') (that, therefore)

• अनुज्ञातुम् (anujñātum) - to permit, to allow

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should, you ought

Words meanings and morphology

अयम् (ayam) - Duryodhana (implied) (this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

उत्सहते (utsahate) - strives, endeavors, is eager

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of utsah

Present Middle

From root √sah (to endure, to overcome) with upasarga ut.

Prefix: ut

Root: sah (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - O Dhritarashtra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

श्रियम् (śriyam) - Yudhiṣṭhira's wealth (wealth, prosperity, fortune)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - wealth, prosperity, fortune, glory, beauty

आहर्तुम् (āhartum) - to acquire by winning (to acquire, to bring, to seize)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root √hṛ (to carry, to take) with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

अक्षवित् (akṣavit) - Duryodhana, who is skilled in dice (or has Śakuni, an expert, on his side) (expert in dice, skilled in dice)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akṣavid

akṣavid - knowing dice, skilled in dice, expert in dice

Compound formed from akṣa (dice) and vid (knowing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (akṣa+vid)

• akṣa – dice, a die
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knowing, perceiver, expert
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

द्यूतेन (dyūtena) - by gambling, through a dice game

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, a game of dice

पाण्डुपुत्रस्य (pāṇḍuputrasya) - of Yudhiṣṭhira (of the son of Pāṇḍu)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pāṇḍu

Compound of Pāṇḍu and putra.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

तत् (tat) - therefore (as an adverbial use for 'that matter') (that, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Often used adverbially to mean 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Note: As a pronoun, it would be nominative/accusative neuter singular. Here adverbial.

अनुज्ञातुम् (anujñātum) - to permit, to allow

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root √jñā (to know) with upasarga anu.

Prefix: anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should, you ought

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Active

Root: arh (class 1)

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