महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-45, verse-31

मुहुर्मुहुः प्रणदतस्तस्य शङ्खस्य भारत ।
उत्तमं शब्दमश्रौषं ततो रोमाणि मेऽहृषन् ॥३१॥

31. muhurmuhuḥ praṇadatastasya śaṅkhasya bhārata ,
uttamaṁ śabdamaśrauṣaṁ tato romāṇi me'hṛṣan.

31. muhurmuhuḥ praṇadataḥ tasya śaṅkhasya bhārata
uttamaṃ śabdaṃ aśrauṣaṃ tataḥ romāṇi me ahṛṣan

31. O Bhārata, I repeatedly heard the excellent sound of that resounding conch shell. Then, my body hairs (romāṇi) stood on end.

Words meanings summery:

• मुहुर्मुहुः (muhurmuhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again

• प्रणदतः (praṇadataḥ) - of sounding, of roaring, of resonating

• तस्य (tasya) - of that, his, its

• शङ्खस्य (śaṅkhasya) - of the conch shell

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata

• उत्तमं (uttamaṁ) - excellent, best, loud

• शब्दं (śabdaṁ) - sound, voice, word

• अश्रौषं (aśrauṣaṁ) - I heard

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• रोमाणि (romāṇi) - hairs, body hairs

• मे (me) - my, to me, for me

• अहृषन् (ahṛṣan) - stood on end, thrilled

Words meanings and morphology

मुहुर्मुहुः (muhurmuhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again

(indeclinable)

Repetitive adverbial compound

प्रणदतः (praṇadataḥ) - of sounding, of roaring, of resonating

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of praṇadat

praṇadat - sounding, roaring, resonating

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root nad (1st class) with prefix pra- (dental 'n' becomes retroflex 'ṇ' due to 'r' in pra-)

Prefix: pra

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tasya śaṅkhasya.

तस्य (tasya) - of that, his, its

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with śaṅkhasya.

शङ्खस्य (śaṅkhasya) - of the conch shell

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śaṅkha

śaṅkha - conch shell

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a name of Yudhiṣṭhira, Dhṛtarāṣṭra etc.

उत्तमं (uttamaṁ) - excellent, best, loud

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, loudest (of sound)

Note: Agrees with śabdaṃ.

शब्दं (śabdaṁ) - sound, voice, word

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, voice, word

अश्रौषं (aśrauṣaṁ) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of śru

Aorist tense, 1st person singular, active voice

Root: śru (class 5)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

रोमाणि (romāṇi) - hairs, body hairs

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of roman

roman - hair (of the body)

Note: Can also be accusative plural.

मे (me) - my, to me, for me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Possessive 'my'.

अहृषन् (ahṛṣan) - stood on end, thrilled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, aorist (luṅ) of hṛṣ

Aorist tense, 3rd person plural, active voice

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)