महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-45, verse-33

यज्ञे तस्य महाराज पाण्डुपुत्रस्य धीमतः ।
वैश्या इव महीपाला द्विजातिपरिवेषकाः ॥३३॥

33. yajñe tasya mahārāja pāṇḍuputrasya dhīmataḥ ,
vaiśyā iva mahīpālā dvijātipariveṣakāḥ.

33. yajñe tasya mahārāja pāṇḍuputrasya dhīmataḥ
vaiśyāḥ iva mahīpālāḥ dvijātipariveṣakāḥ

33. O great king, at the Vedic ritual (yajña) of that wise son of Pāṇḍu, kings themselves acted like members of the merchant class (vaiśyas), serving the twice-born (dvijātis).

Words meanings summery:

• यज्ञे (yajñe) - in the sacrifice, in the ritual

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, of that

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• पाण्डुपुत्रस्य (pāṇḍuputrasya) - of Yudhiṣṭhira (of the son of Pāṇḍu)

• धीमतः (dhīmataḥ) - of the intelligent, of the wise

• वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - members of the vaiśya class, merchants, farmers

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• महीपालाः (mahīpālāḥ) - kings, protectors of the earth

• द्विजातिपरिवेषकाः (dvijātipariveṣakāḥ) - servants of the brāhmaṇas (servants of the twice-born)

Words meanings and morphology

यज्ञे (yajñe) - in the sacrifice, in the ritual

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - sacrifice, ritual, offering, worship (yajña)

From √yaj (to sacrifice)

Root: yaj (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - of him, of that

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the son of Pāṇḍu.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
  From mahat (great) in compound form
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

पाण्डुपुत्रस्य (pāṇḍuputrasya) - of Yudhiṣṭhira (of the son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pāṇḍu

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

धीमतः (dhīmataḥ) - of the intelligent, of the wise

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - intelligent, wise, thoughtful, sagacious

From dhī (intellect) + matup (possessive suffix)

Note: Adjective agreeing with pāṇḍuputrasya.

वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - members of the vaiśya class, merchants, farmers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaiśya

vaiśya - a member of the third varṇa, a merchant, a farmer

Derived from viś (settlement, people)

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

महीपालाः (mahīpālāḥ) - kings, protectors of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahīpāla

mahīpāla - protector of the earth, king, ruler

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mahī+pāla)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian, keeper
  noun (masculine)
  From √pā (to protect) + ala
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'acted'.

द्विजातिपरिवेषकाः (dvijātipariveṣakāḥ) - servants of the brāhmaṇas (servants of the twice-born)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvijātipariveṣaka

dvijātipariveṣaka - server of the twice-born, attendant of brāhmaṇas

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dvijāti+pariveṣaka)

• dvijāti – twice-born (dvijāti)
  noun (masculine)
  dvi (twice) + jāti (birth)
  Root: jan (class 1)
• pariveṣaka – server, attendant, one who serves food
  noun (masculine)
  From pari + √viṣ (to serve) + aka (agent suffix)
  Prefix: pari
  Root: viṣ (class 6)

Note: Predicate noun for mahīpālāḥ.