महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-45, verse-11

देवानामिव ते सर्वं वाचि बद्धं न संशयः ।
स दीन इव दुर्धर्षः कस्माच्छोचसि पुत्रक ॥११॥

11. devānāmiva te sarvaṁ vāci baddhaṁ na saṁśayaḥ ,
sa dīna iva durdharṣaḥ kasmācchocasi putraka.

11. devānām iva te sarvam vāci baddham na saṃśayaḥ
sa dīnaḥ iva durdharṣaḥ kasmāt śocasi putraka

11. For you, everything is like that of the gods; it is fixed by declaration, there is no doubt. Though you are formidable, you appear like a poor man. Why do you lament, my son?

Words meanings summery:

• देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods (of the gods, belonging to the gods)

• इव (iva) - like, as if (like, as, as if)

• ते (te) - for you (to you, for you, your)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (all, everything, whole)

• वाचि (vāci) - in speech, by declaration (in speech, in word)

• बद्धम् (baddham) - fixed, assured (bound, tied, fixed, firm)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt (doubt, uncertainty, suspicion)

• स (sa) - you (referring to the son) (he, that)

• दीनः (dīnaḥ) - like a poor man (poor, miserable, distressed, humble)

• इव (iva) - like, as if (like, as, as if)

• दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - formidable, unassailable (formidable, unassailable, irresistible, difficult to attack)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, for what reason (why, from what, by what cause)

• शोचसि (śocasi) - you lament (you grieve, you lament, you mourn)

• पुत्रक (putraka) - my son (vocative, diminutive/affectionate) (dear son, little son)

Words meanings and morphology

देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods (of the gods, belonging to the gods)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine

इव (iva) - like, as if (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

ते (te) - for you (to you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Here used in the dative sense 'for you'.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (all, everything, whole)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Subject of the sentence.

वाचि (vāci) - in speech, by declaration (in speech, in word)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice

c-stem feminine noun.

Root: √vac (class 2)

Note: Indicates the sphere or means.

बद्धम् (baddham) - fixed, assured (bound, tied, fixed, firm)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of baddha

baddha - bound, tied, fixed, firm

Past Passive Participle

From root √bandh (to bind) + -ta suffix.

Root: √bandh (class 9)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'sarvam'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt (doubt, uncertainty, suspicion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, suspicion

From root √śī (to lie, rest) with prefix sam-, indicating 'lying together' or 'confusion'.

Prefix: sam

Root: √śī (class 2)

Note: Subject of an implied 'asti' (is).

स (sa) - you (referring to the son) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular nominative.

Note: Refers to 'putraka', implicitly 'you'.

दीनः (dīnaḥ) - like a poor man (poor, miserable, distressed, humble)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - poor, miserable, distressed, humble

Past Passive Participle

From root √dī (to decay, be distressed) + -na suffix.

Root: √dī (class 4)

Note: Functions as predicate adjective.

इव (iva) - like, as if (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - formidable, unassailable (formidable, unassailable, irresistible, difficult to attack)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - formidable, unassailable, irresistible, difficult to attack

Gerundive

Compound of 'dur-' (difficult, bad) and 'dharṣa' (daring, assailable, from √dhṛṣ to be bold). Meaning 'difficult to assail'.

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (dur+dhṛṣ)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• dhṛṣa – bold, daring, assailable
  adjective
  From root √dhṛṣ (to be bold, to dare).
  Root: √dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, for what reason (why, from what, by what cause)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

Interrogative pronoun, masculine/neuter singular ablative.

Note: Interrogative adverb.

शोचसि (śocasi) - you lament (you grieve, you lament, you mourn)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śoc

Present Active Indicative

From root √śuc (to grieve, lament), conjugated in present tense, second person singular.

Root: √śuc (class 1)

पुत्रक (putraka) - my son (vocative, diminutive/affectionate) (dear son, little son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putraka

putraka - dear son, little son

Diminutive form of 'putra' (son) with '-ka' suffix, often implying endearment.