महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-45, verse-39

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एवमुक्तः शकुनिना राजा दुर्योधनस्तदा ।
धृतराष्ट्रमिदं वाक्यमपदान्तरमब्रवीत् ॥३९॥

39. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
evamuktaḥ śakuninā rājā duryodhanastadā ,
dhṛtarāṣṭramidaṁ vākyamapadāntaramabravīt.

39. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca | evam uktaḥ śakuninā rājā duryodhanaḥ
tadā | dhṛtarāṣṭram idam vākyam apadāntaram abravīt

39. Vaiśaṃpāyana said, "Thus addressed by Śakuni, King Duryodhana then spoke these words directly to Dhṛtarāṣṭra."

39. וַישַׁמְפָּאיַנַה אמר, כאשר שַׁקוּנִי אמר כך, המלך דוּרְיוֹדְהַנַה אמר אז לדְהְרְטַרָאשְׁטְרַה, ללא היסוס, את הדברים האלה.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus (referring to what Śakuni had just said) (thus, so, in this manner)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (referring to Duryodhana) (spoken, said, addressed)

• शकुनिना (śakuninā) - by Śakuni

• राजा (rājā) - king

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper noun)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• धृतराष्ट्रम् (dhṛtarāṣṭram) - to Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• इदम् (idam) - this (speech) (this, these)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, words, statement (word, speech, sentence, statement)

• अपदान्तरम् (apadāntaram) - without delay, directly (Duryodhana's response) (without interval between words, without delay, directly)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata

Patronymic from Viśaṃpāyana.

Note: Subject of the first part of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect formation from root vac, with reduplication and vṛddhi.

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus (referring to what Śakuni had just said) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (referring to Duryodhana) (spoken, said, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told, addressed

Past Passive Participle

From root vac (to speak) with kta suffix; irregularly formed.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Used adjectivally.

शकुनिना (śakuninā) - by Śakuni

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - name of an individual; bird

Note: Instrumental singular, agent of the passive participle uktaḥ.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, chief

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - name of the eldest Kaurava prince

Literally 'difficult to conquer'.

Note: Nominative singular.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time from tad.

धृतराष्ट्रम् (dhṛtarāṣṭram) - to Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper noun), one who holds the kingdom

Literally 'he who holds the kingdom'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to hold) with kta suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of abravīt.

इदम् (idam) - this (speech) (this, these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these (neuter)

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Accusative neuter singular, refers to vākyam.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, words, statement (word, speech, sentence, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement, proposition

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of abravīt.

अपदान्तरम् (apadāntaram) - without delay, directly (Duryodhana's response) (without interval between words, without delay, directly)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial accusative neuter singular.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (a+pada+antara)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
  Negative prefix.
• pada – step, foot, word, position
  noun (neuter)
• antara – interval, difference, inner, another
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial usage.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vac

imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Augment a- and root vac becomes bru.

Root: vac (class 2)

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