महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-45, verse-39

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एवमुक्तः शकुनिना राजा दुर्योधनस्तदा ।
धृतराष्ट्रमिदं वाक्यमपदान्तरमब्रवीत् ॥३९॥

39. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
evamuktaḥ śakuninā rājā duryodhanastadā ,
dhṛtarāṣṭramidaṁ vākyamapadāntaramabravīt.

39. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca | evam uktaḥ śakuninā rājā duryodhanaḥ
tadā | dhṛtarāṣṭram idam vākyam apadāntaram abravīt

39. Vaiśaṃpāyana said, "Thus addressed by Śakuni, King Duryodhana then spoke these words directly to Dhṛtarāṣṭra."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus (referring to what Śakuni had just said) (thus, so, in this manner)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (referring to Duryodhana) (spoken, said, addressed)

• शकुनिना (śakuninā) - by Śakuni

• राजा (rājā) - king

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper noun)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• धृतराष्ट्रम् (dhṛtarāṣṭram) - to Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• इदम् (idam) - this (speech) (this, these)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, words, statement (word, speech, sentence, statement)

• अपदान्तरम् (apadāntaram) - without delay, directly (Duryodhana's response) (without interval between words, without delay, directly)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata

Patronymic from Viśaṃpāyana.

Note: Subject of the first part of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect formation from root vac, with reduplication and vṛddhi.

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus (referring to what Śakuni had just said) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (referring to Duryodhana) (spoken, said, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told, addressed

Past Passive Participle

From root vac (to speak) with kta suffix; irregularly formed.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Used adjectivally.

शकुनिना (śakuninā) - by Śakuni

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - name of an individual; bird

Note: Instrumental singular, agent of the passive participle uktaḥ.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, chief

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - name of the eldest Kaurava prince

Literally 'difficult to conquer'.

Note: Nominative singular.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time from tad.

धृतराष्ट्रम् (dhṛtarāṣṭram) - to Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper noun), one who holds the kingdom

Literally 'he who holds the kingdom'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to hold) with kta suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of abravīt.

इदम् (idam) - this (speech) (this, these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these (neuter)

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Accusative neuter singular, refers to vākyam.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, words, statement (word, speech, sentence, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement, proposition

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of abravīt.

अपदान्तरम् (apadāntaram) - without delay, directly (Duryodhana's response) (without interval between words, without delay, directly)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial accusative neuter singular.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (a+pada+antara)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
  Negative prefix.
• pada – step, foot, word, position
  noun (neuter)
• antara – interval, difference, inner, another
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial usage.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vac

imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Augment a- and root vac becomes bru.

Root: vac (class 2)